New Internationalist Article Critique Essay -- article critiques, maga

With an exuberant title of SIZZZZLE, this article in the September 2006 edition in the issue 393 of the Internationalist Magazine, enunciates on the idea of advertising companies targeting children and childly population to produce a higher income. Quoting through a variety of renowned child psychologists and various marketing educators, Jonathan Williams illustrates advertising as exploiting an individuals insecurities, creating bastard needs and offering counterfeit solutions hence fostering dissatisfaction that leads to consumption. Williams states that children are particularly vulnerable to this type of manipulation. Manipulating adolescents into a consumer lifestyle at such a young age has devastating consequences for the environment through its extravagance and wastefulness, as advertisers have been recognizing the purchasing power and significant influence of children on their parents purchase. As aforementioned, Williamss theory is supported through a series of excerpts from advertisers and child psychologists as a source of primary evidence. Containing factual information ...

The Bubble Economy of Japan :: Japanese Economy Economics Finances Essays

The Bubble Economy of JapanThe Economy of Japan had experience a tremendous product since the end of theKorean war. The growth of GNP in 1967 and 1968 was above 10 % (double digitgrowth period) which exceed countries such as Britain, France and Germany. The deliverance experienced a acclivity is due to many reasons, such as enlargement ofindustrial facilities, massive adaptation of western technology and education,lower the military expense to 1% of GNP, relation with power nation, humanresources and their spirit to achieve zero defect program. But after the firstand second oil crisis that occur from 1973 onward. The economy move downwardspartially due to the poor management of economic policy. Although the governmenthad attempt to adjust the economic policy but the recovery was slow. As thesoaring of yen continues the demand for export has increase tremendously. Withthe concern of the United State of this problem, president Reagan and the G5have signed an agreement with Japan cal led Plaza sympathy , the agreementstated that the exchange rate of Japan and Deutschmark can appreciate againstthe U.S. . Since then the yen value began to appreciate, Japan was goingthrough a period of trade balance adjustment. While Japan is prepare to gothrough a period of trade balance adjustment, it leave alone also gravel a period ofrecession, so the government strongly encourage business activities tostrengthen the economy in order to prevent backwash effect. It was this eventwhich boost up the GNP and raise the exchange rate. With this exchange rateadvantage it stimulate business activity on housing and stock investment whichcreated a bubble economy. During this period almost the entire country wasinvolve in land speculation or other speculate activities. In this essay itwill prove that land speculative activities had create many negative impacts tothe Japanese society and economy. Firstly, it will describe the cause of landspeculation. Secondly it will dissertate on the society and political effects inJapan and lastly it will focus on the economy effects, more over it will involvethe aftermath when the bubble collapse.The root of this bubble economy is due the wave of land speculation. The widespread of land speculation activities were mainly because it is profitable. Thespeculative legal proceeding in assets grew and grew and many believe that this willlast for very long period of time. One of the reason that leads to massiveinvestment in the risky activities is because of the conquest of the Japanese inthe international market during 70*s - 80*s. Many Japanese enterprises and

Essay --

Reginald FreemanDr. Elaine LabachQM-3345-XTIA12/13/2013Big Easy Bold Taste TestThe purpose of this study is to prove that this authors first mate who claims she is an expert in tasting certain expensive coffee beverages cannot guarantee the difference when a less expensive substitute is prepared in the like manner and served to this self-proclaimed expert. Many people claim they can tell the difference between certain coffees, such as Folgers vs. Maxwell House, Starbucks vs. Seattles Best vs. Starbucks, and so on. For this project, the author intends to prove that his spouse cannot actually tell the difference between her favorite expensive Keurig brewed Emerils Big Easy Bold and any other(a) soft touch coffee when both are prepared in the exact same manner and served side by side. To make this test more raise and inviting the author and his spouse or test subject made a little wager that if she could achieve a 75% accuracy rate passim the course of the experiment then she would receive the tablet of her choice in addition to her Christmas gifts versus as a part of her Christmas gifts. On the flipside of this wager, if she could not achieve the 75% accuracy mark, then the author would receive permission to upgrade his ticket choice for a 2014 Dallas Cowboys game. Results of this wager are revealed at the end of the project. In bless to properly conduct this experiment a proclamation or system must be made.Null hypothesis The authors spouse cannot tell the difference between Keurig brewed Emerils Big Easy Bold coffee and any other brand coffee brewed in the same manner.Alternative hypothesis The authors spouse can tell the difference between Keurig brewed Emerils Big Easy Bold coffee and any other brand coffee br... ...Once steps 2a and 2b are complete taste exhibit A. Swish in mouth and either swallow or spit in sink.4.Repeat steps 2a and 2b.5.Taste exhibit B. Swish in mouth and either swallow or spit in sink.6.Report to test executive which co ffee is Emerils Big Easy Bold for results to be recorded.Appendix 2Coffee Tasting Results TableDateMorning Emeril Othereven Emeril OtherNovember 25, 2013November 26, 2013 November 27, 2013 November 28, 2013November 29, 2013November 30, 2013December 1, 2013December 2, 2013December 3, 2013December 4, 2013December 5, 2013 December 6, 2013December 7, 2013December 8, 2013Totals7768

What is the Meaning of Freedom? :: What Does Freedom Mean?

Freedom is often spoken of in what bottomland be referred to as a loose sense of the word. One farming has more exemption than another a twenty- adept year old has more freedom than a cardinal year old. What exactly does this word cogitate? For different people it may mean different things, but there has to be an equilibrium that can be reached in order to determine the content of freedom itself. In one form, freedom can mean that a person has exemption from an obligation.* If only the get back (free) is looked at, it can be interpreted that one is not under the control or power of another.* However often the latter definition is used, it is also disagreed with, and for candid reason there is always a formula, although the ruler may not necessarily be in the form of a person or conference of persons. Take, for instance, the human body. It consists of basically three things, as far as ruling powers are concerned prudence, will, and raw appetite. Raw appetite can be looked at as what we have without reason, will is what can control raw appetite (or desires that we have without reason), and prudence is that which provides a choice between will and raw appetite. attention has the ability to choose between the both options. This is just one example of how a ruler must always exist, although it may not have a physical form.Taking this into consideration, the meaning of freedom can further be explored. Perhaps it can be defined as having the liberty to choose who/what the ruler is to be. For, since nothing can exist without having round form of rule, if people are not permitted to choose what the ruling factor is, then that would not be considered having freedom.What is the center of Freedom? What Does Freedom Mean?Freedom is often spoken of in what can be referred to as a loose sense of the word. One country has more freedom than another a twenty-one year old has more freedom than a fifteen year old. What exactly does this word mean? For different p eople it may mean different things, but there has to be an equilibrium that can be reached in order to determine the meaning of freedom itself. In one form, freedom can mean that a person has exemption from an obligation.* If only the root (free) is looked at, it can be interpreted that one is not under the control or power of another.* However often the latter definition is used, it is also disagreed with, and for good reason there is always a ruler, although the ruler may not necessarily be in the form of a person or group of persons. Take, for instance, the human body. It consists of basically three things, as far as ruling powers are concerned prudence, will, and raw appetite. Raw appetite can be looked at as what we have without reason, will is what can control raw appetite (or desires that we have without reason), and prudence is that which provides a choice between will and raw appetite. Prudence has the ability to choose between the two options. This is just one example of h ow a ruler must always exist, although it may not have a physical form.Taking this into consideration, the meaning of freedom can further be explored. Perhaps it can be defined as having the liberty to choose who/what the ruler is to be. For, since nothing can exist without having some form of rule, if people are not permitted to choose what the ruling factor is, then that would not be considered having freedom.

Compare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings Porphyrias Lov

Comp ar and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings PorphyriasLover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and howeffectively is this conveyed?Tennyson and Browning were contemporary straight-laced poets. During hislifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His poem Mariana is actuallycyclical and minimal. The mood is depressive, which reflectedTennysons family traits, as Tennyson himself was in truth susceptible todepression. However, Brownings Porphyrias Lover is very linear asthe action clearly moves from one full point to another and is not sorepetitive.The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense ofloneliness and isolation that is directed towards the profoundcharacter. This heightens aspect and emotion and enables them to beintrospected and egocentric. both Mariana and Porphyrias Lover aspeople are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, asthey feel frustrated because of their lovers. However, the 2 areslightly different. Mariana ha s been dismay whereas Porphyriaslover needs to control the relationship.In verse one of Mariana, the overall theme is one of isolation andneglect. The rusted nails and broken shed set the setting thatMariana too is neglected passim the poem. My life is dreary isMariana showing her depression and also turning the misery in onherself her lover cometh not.Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess areoverwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident asshe is shown to be in-tune with nature as her tears correspond to thedrops of dew in the field close to her. Other features of her soil are also appropriate. She glanced athwart the gloomingflats sugges... ...f, O God, that I were deadAnother similarity is obvious here because both solutions are deathbut the conflict is that Mariana but must commit suicide.Mariana is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing femalepassivity, which was very prominent in that era. Porphyrias Loverreinforces the paper of male activity and dominance compared withfemales having the over ruling power. Both poems are very successfulin portraying frightening situations but focus on different points.Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and thethought process of the central character. However, Browningsdepiction of detail around Marianas entrapment is most impressive.The way we can see her life going round and round in circles withamazing background ingredients is unwarranted imagery by Tennyson. because I think Mariana is more effective. Compare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings Porphyrias LovCompare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings PorphyriasLover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and howeffectively is this conveyed?Tennyson and Browning were contemporary Victorian poets. During hislifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His poem Mariana is verycyclical and minimal. The mood is depressive, which reflectedTennysons family traits, as Tennyson himself was very susceptible todepression. However, Brownings Porphyrias Lover is very linear asthe action clearly moves from one stage to another and is not sorepetitive.The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense ofloneliness and isolation that is directed towards the centralcharacter. This heightens feeling and emotion and enables them to beintrospected and egocentric. Both Mariana and Porphyrias Lover aspeople are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, asthey feel frustrated because of their lovers. However, the two areslightly different. Mariana has been dejected whereas Porphyriaslover needs to control the relationship.In verse one of Mariana, the overall theme is one of isolation andneglect. The rusted nails and broken shed set the scene thatMariana too is neglected throughout the poem. My life is dreary isMariana showing her depression and also turning the misery in onherself her lover cometh not.Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess areoverwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident asshe is shown to be in-tune with nature as her tears correspond to thedrops of dew in the fields around her. Other features of herbackground are also appropriate. She glanced athwart the gloomingflats sugges... ...f, O God, that I were deadAnother similarity is obvious here because both solutions are deathbut the difference is that Mariana but must commit suicide.Mariana is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing femalepassivity, which was very prominent in that era. Porphyrias Loverreinforces the idea of male activity and dominance compared withfemales having the over ruling power. Both poems are very successfulin portraying desperate situations but focus on different points.Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and thethought process of the central character. However, Browningsdepiction of detail around Marianas entrapment is most impressive.The way we can see her life going round and round in circles withamazing background ingredients is fantastic imagery by Tennyson.Therefore I think Mariana is more effective.

Compare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings Porphyrias Lov

Comp atomic number 18 and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings PorphyriasLover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and how effectively is this conveyed?Tennyson and Browning were contemporary twee poets. During hislifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His meter Mariana is very(prenominal)cyclical and minimal. The mood is depressive, which reflectedTennysons family traits, as Tennyson himself was very susceptible todepression. However, Brownings Porphyrias Lover is very linear asthe reach clearly moves from atomic number 53 breaker point to another and is not sorepetitive.The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense ofloneliness and isolation that is directed towards the profoundcharacter. This heightens perception and emotion and enables them to beintrospected and egocentric. Both Mariana and Porphyrias Lover aspeople are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, asthey feel frustrated because of their buffers. However, the d euce areslightly different. Mariana has been dejected whereas Porphyriaslover needs to control the relationship.In verse one of Mariana, the overall theme is one of isolation andneglect. The rusted nails and broken shed set the photograph thatMariana too is neglected throughout the poem. My life is dreary isMariana showing her depression and also turning the adversity in onherself her lover cometh not.Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess areoverwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident asshe is shown to be in-tune with nature as her part correspond to thedrops of dew in the palm around her. Other features of herbackground are also appropriate. She glanced athwart the gloomingflats sugges... ...f, O God, that I were deadAnother similarity is apparent here because both solutions are deathbut the difference is that Mariana but must commit suicide.Mariana is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing femalepassivity, which was very p rominent in that era. Porphyrias Loverreinforces the idea of male activity and dominance compared withfemales having the over ruling top executive. Both poems are very undefeatedin portraying epic situations but focus on different points.Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and thethought process of the central character. However, Browningsdepiction of detail around Marianas entrapment is most impressive.The way we can see her life going round and round in circles withamazing background ingredients is monstrous imagery by Tennyson.Therefore I think Mariana is more effective. Compare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings Porphyrias LovCompare and Contrast Tennysons Mariana with Brownings PorphyriasLover. What is the emotional state of each speaker and howeffectively is this conveyed?Tennyson and Browning were contemporary Victorian poets. During hislifetime, Tennyson was made Poet Laureate. His poem Mariana is verycyclical and minimal. Th e mood is depressive, which reflectedTennysons family traits, as Tennyson himself was very susceptible todepression. However, Brownings Porphyrias Lover is very linear asthe action clearly moves from one stage to another and is not sorepetitive.The remote and rural location of each poem portrays a sense ofloneliness and isolation that is directed towards the centralcharacter. This heightens feeling and emotion and enables them to beintrospected and egocentric. Both Mariana and Porphyrias Lover aspeople are unhappy with their current lives. They both desire love, asthey feel frustrated because of their lovers. However, the two areslightly different. Mariana has been dejected whereas Porphyriaslover needs to control the relationship.In verse one of Mariana, the overall theme is one of isolation andneglect. The rusted nails and broken shed set the scene thatMariana too is neglected throughout the poem. My life is dreary isMariana showing her depression and also turning the misery in on herself her lover cometh not.Verse two shows Mariana crying. Her misery and gloominess areoverwhelmingly apparent. Also her isolation from people is evident asshe is shown to be in-tune with nature as her tears correspond to thedrops of dew in the fields around her. Other features of herbackground are also appropriate. She glanced athwart the gloomingflats sugges... ...f, O God, that I were deadAnother similarity is obvious here because both solutions are deathbut the difference is that Mariana but must commit suicide.Mariana is very much a Victorian feminist poem in stressing femalepassivity, which was very prominent in that era. Porphyrias Loverreinforces the idea of male activity and dominance compared withfemales having the over ruling power. Both poems are very successfulin portraying desperate situations but focus on different points.Tennyson is very effective in showing a switch in power and thethought process of the central character. However, Browningsdepiction of detail a round Marianas entrapment is most impressive.The way we can see her life going round and round in circles withamazing background ingredients is fantastic imagery by Tennyson.Therefore I think Mariana is more effective.

Citizen Journalism vs. Mainstream Media

Citizen journalism is invigorateds that comes from the larger public and not well- cognize and legitimate news agencies equal, The uppercase chain mail or The Pittsburgh Post Gazette. Citizen journalism can be most recognized in the form of blogs or wiki sites. 15211 is a citizen journalism site that is based in Mt. Washington which is a small part of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The title of the blog relates to the blog because it is the zip code for Mount Washington residents.The blog discusses current events that are going on in the Mount Washington area only the site masters are completely airfoil to criticism and understand that not everyone agrees or likes what is being discussed. A mainstream media outlet close to Mount Washington is the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. This newspaper discusses everything from sports to local news to field wide and international affairs. Although there is an popular opinion section in the paper, it is not all opinion based like a blog.Also, newsp apers provide other things than scantily news whether it is informative or opinionated it also provides coupons for state wide stores and allows their audience to connect to other websites much(prenominal) as job search sites. The Pittsburgh Post Gazette provides a wide range of informative topics to appeal to a wide range of publics. Since newspapers are losing their appeal to the newer generations they must start finding new ways to attract people to read and subscribe to their publication.Although many publics in todays society prefer mainstream media to citizen journalism, there are many pros to blogs and wiki sites. For grammatical case the blog, 15211 is targeted to a particularised public (audience) which are the people of Mount Washington, a small part of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as it says in the astir(predicate) us section. Having a target audience allows for more freedom to write about anything related to that topic and not receiving many contradictory statements or backlash opinions.Although most blogs bring a targeted audience, backlash comes with the territory and one of the things that 15211 says is, Sometimes youll like what you read, other times you wont. That is the point of a blog and we intend to keep real to the medium. We know that our opinions may not be yours and vice versa, but we respect the fact that youre here. This allows more people to openly express their opinion and respond to the opinion of the creator without feeling judged.Another upside to citizen journalism is that it is very easy to share and connect with the site and the other followers. On the 15211 home varlet they have a tiny box in the middle of the page that allows you to share or bookmark the site to 11 different social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google Bookmarks. On the site, the blog creators also allow people to view a live Twitter comment feed on the website so that they bustt have to have Twitter to view the comments people are mak ing about the blog posts.Citizen Journalism good at sharing cultivation and allowing others to participate in the discussion, but being completely opinionated and specific on one topic is not always a good thing. On negative thing about citizen journalism is that they mostly only apply to specific publics/audiences and although the internet has many different blogs and wiki sites that attract all people, it still doesnt cover everyone, especially older generations who are against the change in the way that we view and access our information.Being able to expand to just more than one specific public might help increase the recognition just like mainstream media is. Another down side to citizen journalism is that it is all opinionated and although people like the freedom of expressing their opinion, people like facts and information that they can definitely rely on to right. After researching the 15211 site, citizen journalism seems to be on the rise and more reachable than ever wit h social networking and bookmarking sites.All in all it seems as though it is becoming new way for people to express themselves without having to reveal too much about themselves like on Facebook. It also allows internet surfers to read only what they want and what they connect and agree to the most. Citizen journalism is becoming very popular and with the way engine room is growing and expanding it only seems like this form of journalism will become even larger among the future generations.

Accounts Receivable and Correct Marks

Which of the following events involves an accrual? necessitate ane answer. a. Recording matter to that has been earned but non received b. Recording supplies that have been purchased with cash but not yet used. c. Recording tax revenue that has been earned but not yet collected in cash. d. A. and C. conform label for this complaisance 5/5. straits 2 mark 5 Which resource provider typically receives prototypal priority when resources are divided as part of a businesss liquidation? Choose one answer. a. stockholders b. owners c. the companys managers d. creditors even off Marks for this subduedness 5/5. Question 3 Marks 5 Which of the following transactions involves a deferral? Choose one answer. a. Recording salaries of employees earned but not yet paid. b. Recording the gratify earned (but not received) on a CD. c. Recording interest accrued on a note payable. d. Recording the prepayment of three months rent. Correct Marks for this fo rbearance 5/5. Question 4 Marks 5 Which of the following groups has the primary responsibility for establishing generally accepted report principles for business entities in the United States?Choose one answer. a. Internal Revenue Service b. U. S. Congress c. Governmental Accounting Standards Board d. Financial Accounting Standards Board Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 5 Marks 5 The left spatial relation of a T-account is known as the Choose one answer. a. Debit Side b. Credit typeface c. Claims side d. Equity side Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. 1 Marks 5 Product costs are matched against sales revenue Choose one answer. a. in the period immediately following the sale. b. when the merchandise is purchased. c. when the sale is made. d. in the period immediately following the purchase. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 2 Marks 5 The left side of a T-account is known as the Choose one answer. a. Claims side b. Equity side c. Credit side d. Debit Side Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 3 Marks 5 When prices are rising, which method of inventory, if any, lead result in the lowest relative net cash outflow (including the effects of taxes, if any)? Choose one answer. a. weighted average. b. FIFO c. LIFO d.None of these inventory methods cannot scratch cash flows. Incorrect Marks for this submission 0/5. Question 4 Marks 5 Which of the following is considered a period cost? Choose one answer. a. Transportation cost on goods received from suppliers. b. Cost of merchandise purchased. c. Packaging costs for merchandise to be sold. d. Advertising write down for the current month. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 5 Marks 5 Which of the following is considered a product cost? Choose one answer. a. Salaries paid to employees of a retailer. b.Utility expense for the current month. c. Transportation cost on goods received from s uppliers. d. Transportation cost on goods shipped to customers. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. 1 Marks 5 Receivables are normally reported on the balance sheet at net achievable value. In contrast, payables are carried at face value. Which accounting principle requires this treatment of payables? Choose one answer. a. Matching concept. b. Monetary unit assumption. c. Going concern assumption. d. Materiality concept. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5.Question 2 Marks 5 The amount of accounts receivable that is actually expected to be collected is known as Choose one answer. a. Bad debts expense. b. Net realizable value. c. recompense for doubtful accounts. d. The present value of accounts receivable. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 3 Marks 5 The practice of reporting the net realizable value of receivables in the financial statements is commonly called Choose one answer. a. the cash flow method of accounting for bad debts. b. the direct write-off method of accounting for bad debts. c. he allowance method of accounting for bad debts. d. Both a and b are correct. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 4 Marks 5 What does the accounts receivable turnover ratio measure? Choose one answer. a. How speedily the accounts receivable balance increases. b. How quickly inventory turns into accounts receivable. c. How quickly accounts receivable turn into cash. d. Average balance of accounts receivables. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 5 Marks 5 Which of the following businesses would most plausibly have the longest operating cycle? Choose one answer. a. A national pharmacy ambit. b. A discount store. c. A producer of wine. d. A chain of pizza restaurants. Incorrect Marks for this submission 0/5. 1 Marks 5 What is the name used for the type of secured bond that requires a pledge of a designated piece of property in case of default? Choose one answer. a. Debenture Bond b. Indenture Bond c. Mortgage Bond d. Registered Bond Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 2 Marks 5 Which of the following would be classified as a long-term operational asset? Choose one answer. a. Accounts Receivable b.Treasury Stock c. Inventory d. Goodwill Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 3 Marks 5 Jocelyn gage recorded the following in its general journal on 1/1/06 Cash 98,000 Discount on Bonds Payable 2,000 Bonds Payable 100,000 Which of the following answers the right way describes the transaction on 1/1/06? Choose one answer. a. Jocelyn issued bonds at 98. b. Jocelyn issued bonds at 102. c. Jocelyn issued bonds at a $2,000 premium. d. Jocelyn signed a note payable for $98,000. Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 4 Marks 5 Which of the following terms is used to identify the process of expense recognition for property, determine and equipment? Choose one answer. a. Amortization b . Depletion c. Depreciation d. Revision Correct Marks for this submission 5/5. Question 5 Marks 5 Which method of dispraise is used by most U. S. companies for financial reporting purposes? Choose one answer. a. Straight Line b. MACRS c. Double Declining Balance d. Units of Production Correct Marks for this submission 5/5.

Effects of Having Long Term Separation from Parents

Questionnaire on the effects of long term separation from provokes among college students Part I. face-to-face nurture of the respondents Instruction Put a check (v) on the blank for your answer. A. Age ____ 15 ____ 16 ____ 17 ____ 18 Other (please specify) ______ B. Gender ____ phallic ____ feminine C. Who takes abroad ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Both D. Whom do they live with ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Grandfather ____ Grandmother Other (please specify) ______ E. Number of historic period existence separated ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ___ 6 and above f. age when parents left (please specify)___ Part II. Effect of long term separation from parents among book of instructions take aim the following sentences and use the way of deliberation your answers presumption below. Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 strongly Agree2 dissent 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors 4 3 2 1 Psychological Individual Perceptions on Parents Working Abroad 1. My parent/s work abroad to give me a better future 2.My parent/s work abroad to fulfill their dreams 3. My parents gave me material things just to cover their absence seizure 4. My parent/s gives everything that I ask for 5. I lived my life normally with break through my parent/s Feelings Towards Long Term Separation from Parents 1. I feel the come and occupation of my parent/s even they are not with me 2. I missed my parent/s 3. I hate my parent/s for living me 4.I bewilder difficulty on sharing my emotions and feelings to my parent/ s 5. I feel secure with my present withstander Mental 1. I always visit my classes 2. I always do my homework 3. I always have right(a) grades in academics 4. I ch eliminate during examinations 5. I got involved in raw(a) classes 6. My guardian help me in my studies 7. I made my own decisions Social 1. I spent more time at home 2.I have good intercourse with my parents through internet and phone calls 3. I have lots of friends 4. I sleep over with my friends nigh of the time 5. I hang out with others most of the time 6. I dont attend family gathering 7. I am a loner 8. I am a segment of a gang/ fraternity III. Effect of the different factors in long term separation from parents among college students Instructions Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below.Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 Strongly Agree2 Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors 4 3 2 1 Lifestyle 1. I am an alcoholic 2. I am a smoker 3. I got involved in taking interdict drugs 4. I got involved in premarital sex 5. I ate at home most of the time 6. I dont eat meals regularly Behavior 1. I obey my present guardian 2. I obey my parent/s even they are not with me 3. I am indie . I take the responsibilities in taking care of my siblings 5. I always have enemy 6. I got involved in bullying person 7. I argued with my siblings most of the time Peer pressure 1. I feel secure when I am with my friends 2. My friends influenced me in smoking 3. My friends influenced me in drinking 4. I watched and subscribe to pornographic materials with my friends 5. My friends share their sex experiences 6. My friends helps me in my studies Effects of Having Long Term Separation from ParentsQuestionnaire on the effects of long term separation from parents among college students Part I. Personal information of the respondents Instruction Put a check (v) on the blank for your answer. A. Age ____ 15 ____ 16 ____ 17 ____ 18 Other (please specify) ______ B. Gender ____ Male ____ Female C. Who works abroad ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Both D. Whom do they live with ____ Father ____ Mother ____ Grandfather ____ Grandmother Other (please specify) ______ E. Number of years being separated ____ 3 ____ 4 ____ 5 ___ 6 and above f. age when parents left (please specify)___ Part II. Effect of long term separation from parents among Instructions Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below. Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that correspond your answer. 4 Strongly Agree2 Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors 4 3 2 1 Psychological Individual Perceptions on Parents Working Abroad 1. My parent/s work abroad to give me a better future 2.My parent/s work abroad to fulfill their dreams 3. My parents gave me material things just to cover their absence 4. My parent/s gives everything that I ask for 5. I lived my life normally without my parent/s Feelings Towards Long Term Separation from Parents 1. I feel the love and concern of my parent/s even they are not with me 2. I missed my parent/s 3. I hate my parent/s for living me 4.I have difficulty on sharing my emotions and feelings to my parent/ s 5. I feel secure with my present guardian Mental 1. I always attend my classes 2. I always do my homework 3. I always have good grades in academics 4. I cheat during examinations 5. I got involved in cutting classes 6. My guardian help me in my studies 7. I made my own decisions Social 1. I spent more time at home 2.I have good communication with my parents through internet and phone calls 3. I have lots of friends 4. I sleep over with my friends most of the time 5. I hang out with others most of the time 6. I dont attend family gathering 7. I am a loner 8. I am a member of a gang/ fraternity III. Effect of the different factors in long term separation from parents among college students Instructions Read the following sentences and use the way of weighing your answers given below.Put a check (v) on the numbered columns on the right that corres pond your answer. 4 Strongly Agree2 Disagree 3- Agree1- Strongly Disagree Corresponding Factors 4 3 2 1 Lifestyle 1. I am an alcoholic 2. I am a smoker 3. I got involved in taking prohibited drugs 4. I got involved in premarital sex 5. I ate at home most of the time 6. I dont eat meals regularly Behavior 1. I obey my present guardian 2. I obey my parent/s even they are not with me 3. I am independent . I take the responsibilities in taking care of my siblings 5. I always have enemy 6. I got involved in bullying someone 7. I argued with my siblings most of the time Peer pressure 1. I feel secure when I am with my friends 2. My friends influenced me in smoking 3. My friends influenced me in drinking 4. I watched and read pornographic materials with my friends 5. My friends share their sex experiences 6. My friends helps me in my studies

Comparison of the Italian Prison System to Ours Essay

university of phoenix A World Apart A Comparison of the Italian Prison form to Ours Matthew Kramer 4/23/2011 The Italian punitive system although much older than the American system are very comparable to each other. Both rich person come from fledgling institutions in the past that birth both evolved because of officials in higher positions as well as concerned citizens that nonplus voiced their opinions on how inpatients are treated and how they are housed during their sentences. They have both experimented with the Pennsylvania and Auburn style types of correctional institutions.While America has primarily g unmatched with just matchless of the models Italian prisons have taken a mix of both throughout their country. Their types of institutions are also pretty much the equal as we have here with problems with overcrowding and to a lower placefunding. Italy has designated three separate penal housing authorities that are divided into three preventative detention inst itutions these are as follows The preventive detention centers, the institutions for the execution of instrument of sentences and the institution of security measures.However the building of these institutions has been a problem due to funding and has also determined many inmates in cells that are built for one inmate. America also has the same problem with overcrowding and underfunding causing our country to place more inmates in spaces that were not designed for that many people. We will not place more than ii inmates to a cell as where in Italy you may see more than two in a cell for a occlusive of time because there is nowhere else to put them.The institutions for the execution of sentencing are divided into sub groups of arrest centers and detention centers. The institutions of security measures are also broken up into prison farms, work homes, treatment and custody centres and judicial psychiatric hospitals. American correctional institutions also have something sympathet ic to this although most of these are accompanied under the same umbrella. Inmates that enter the American system initially go to prison and from there unless sentenced differently they will be placed in a fractional way house or probation and parole house.Mental health inmates tend to stay at the prison while some will be travel to state mental hospitals for further treatment. The people of the two different correctional systems is very different here in America our inmate population is at almost 2. 5 million as of a survey done in 2008 while in Italy their total inmate population as of 1997 preceding was at 55,136 and counting tho the comparison of numbers to each other is very different. Many argue that this is due largely to our freedom and laws that govern our get down and the allowance for the right to bear arms in the United States.Italy is a country of great reform and is always changing their laws this might also have an effect of how many inmates also make it in to pr ison. While American prisons are overrun much more then Italys are this forces us to privatize our correctional institutions to save space and maybe some money but mainly space. Since Italys inmate population is relatively low compared to ours but they do face overcrowding due to the limit of prisons they have built they do not tend to privatize the inmates out.Italys security levels are also similar to ours in they will segregate inmates that are more violent and volatile than others. The first level which is their high security is designed to hold inmates that have been convicted of a crime involving the Mafia, kidnapping, extortion or drug trafficking. First level prisoners will be assigned to prisons out of their areas that they live they are also not allowed out of their vitality areas which means anything that they do as far as programming, school, talking, walking etc.The second level which is their medium security and makes up most of their inmate population have all the sc hooling and programming that is available. The third level or minimum security is the lowest level and are allowed to have little charge and placed in the least restrictive areas there are. American prisons are generally the same as we have the same levels our inmates are categorized with other levels within these levels that will determine what type of perks they are allowed while locked up.Prison life in both countries probably only differs little due to the prison that you are locked up in to the people that make the laws. For everything else how you have to watch your back and the groups that inmates will place themselves with for protection this does not change just from country to country you will see remains the same. Italy has three types of handout that is comparable to Americas parole they are conditional release, amnesty and pardon. Conditional release is the most widely used in the country and is more like American parole then the other two.Inmates can be granted this if they have served at least 30 months or at least half of their sentence. They must have been good inmates while they were incarcerated and also they must believe that the inmate will be successful if released. They still must report to someone and get a job and have a place to live which is the same for American inmates on parole. Amnesty can be granted forwards or after the sentence and it basically commutes the sentence this was very unpopular and not used very much and since 1992 no amnesties have been granted.Pardons are the same in Italy as they are in America and can be granted by a governor or president. Article 111 of the Italian Constitution which was amended in 1999 will allow the defendant the right to question the accuse and all parties to be cross examined. As where before a person could be convicted based on statements made during the preliminary phase of a trial. This allows inmates before sentenced or found guilty of a crime the right to face their accuser and qu estion them as to why they are accusing them of committing a crime.The comparison of the two correctional systems you can see a lot of similarities and then there are vague differences. In my opinion I would take the American correctional system over the Italian one. This is due to the reading I have done and the way the Italian courts and correctional system are set up.

International Political Economy

Part Perspectives on International Political Economy The first chapter of the text deals with the fundamental nature of International semi governmental preservation (PIP) and nearwhat analytical Issues related to Its multidimensional character. Chapters 2 through and through 4 are the meat chapters of the text that explore the history and policies associated with the 3 dominant PIP perspectives, that is to say frugal liberalism, mercantilism, and structuralism. These theoretical tools are useful In looking umteen political, economic, and accessible Issues In the orbicular economy of the past as well as the present.Chapter 5 develops two alternative PIP respective?constructivism and feminism?that derive, In part, from the three m both told outlooks under playing area. Chapter What Is International Political Economy? We Are the 99% A Haitian hillside. Georgian Allen When a philosopher has once laid hold of a favorite pattern, which perhaps accounts for many natural effe cts, he extends the same principle over the whole creation, and chastens to it forevery phenomenon, though by the most violent and absurd reasoning. Our own mind being narrow and contracted, we cannot extend our conception to the kind and extent of nature David Hump, The Septic 2 The Darkness on the Edge of Town he Darkness on the edge of town What are the chances you allow for find a good counterbalanceing Job?or any Job for that matter? when you graduate from college In the next some years? maintain your parents or spate you know lost their Jobs, the family home, or a big chunk of their retirement savings? How are you adjusting to the monetary crisis? Maybe things pissnt been that good-for-nothing for you, thus far Reading the headlines of any major(ip) newspaper, you might sometimes worry that the cosmos is on the brink of a spheric economic mischance, if not a fleck Great Depression.The effects of the global economic crisis have made many people feel ensue, tearfu l, and depressed. The collapse to the US housing market in 2 morphed into a credit crisis that threatened some of the biggest banks and financial institutions in the United States and Europe. Government leaders responded with a figure of bank rescue measures and so-called excitant packages to equaliserart their economies. These interventions angered many ordinary folks who felt that the bailouts rewarded bankers and Coos who had caused the crisis in the first place.Meanwhile, many people around the world were forced out of their homes and became unemployed. They suffered cuts in companionable services, health care benefits, and education spending when political relations were forced to trim budgets. As we write in late 2012, the apprehendd-for recovery has proved elusive. Unemployment in the United States is stuck at 7. 9 percent in the European Union (ELI), it has risen to 1 1. 6 percent (23. 4 percent for young people). business firm foreclosures and stagnant incomes contin ue to place enormous strain on many families finances.The EX. has fallen into another receding, with countries like Greece, Italy, Spain, and Portugal so deep in debt that they might skid into national bankruptcy, causing the Elses monetary system to collapse. People seem to have lost confidence in national and worldwide political institutions that underpin capitalist economy and democracy. Is this what the Great Transformation from industrial to post-industrial society was supposed to look like? Are globalization and the so-called creative destruction of new technologies shrinking the meat classes in Western countries and permanently shifting economic dynamism to Asia and Latin America?Adding to the sense of gloom are events around the world in the in the end few years. High oil prices have benefited giant oil companies while hurting consumers. The giant British Petroleum (BP) oil spill reciprocated an environmental catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico. Japans Fuchsia earthquake and tsunami damaged several nuclear power plants, causing release of dangerous radioactive material across a vainglorious swath of territory. High agriculture commodity prices have raised the cost of food and increased levels of world hunger.Because there has been little progress in trim back reliance on fossil fuels, capping carbon emissions, or investing in alternative energy resources, the threat of catastrophic mood change looms larger. And wars in Syria, Afghanistan, Somalia, and the congo are destroying the livelihoods of millions of people. Hope on the Horizon? Is there only gloom and doom around the globe? Surely, no As we discuss in Chapter 13, acclivitous powers such(prenominal) as China, India, Brazil, and Russia have dramatically reduced poverty in the last fifteen years and made it possible for hundreds 4 Chapter 1 of millions of people to Join the middle class.Fortunately, they continued to grow at a fairly robust pace after 2007 much Jobs, investment, and consump tion in these countries helped keep the rest to the world trot tailing into a deeper recession. Of most of the last decade, sub-Sahara Africa has also grown surprisingly fast, thanks n part to high prices for oil and commodities exports. And the European Union won the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize, a reminder that?despite its serious economic and social lines today?the conjunction has advanced the causes of peace and reconciliation, democracy, and human rights for more than sixty years.Along with these rays of hope are three interrelated global developments that merit discussion at the beginning of this textbook because they are profoundly shaping the international political economy the Arab Spring, the European sovereign debt crisis, and the Occupy groyne driveway (SOWS) sweat. Taking place on three variant continents since 2011, they have shaken political institutions and spurred waves of political protests in response to a variety of social and economic ills. None of us knows how these momentous developments will play out, but we can be sure that they will affect our daily lives and pocketbooks for many years.Each is a double- edged sword a emf harbinger of positive change and a potential foreshadowing of worse yet to come. In other words, each development can either help lead to a more smesa, prosperous world in which human security is better guaranteed or ender divisions within and between societies wider than before so that cooperative relations and a fairer distribution of resources remain ever more elusive goals. The Arab Spring took the world by surprise?a reminder that social scientists unsounded do not have good tools to bespeak when and why large-scale changes will occur in complex socio-political systems.On December 17, 2010, a Tunisian street vendor named Mohamed Bouzouki set himself on fire in reaction to harassment by police officers. His death sparked street demonstrations that brought down the Tunisian government one month later. Protests s pread like wildfires to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. After eighteen days of mass demonstrations, Egypt authoritarian president Hosting Embark resigned on February 11, 2011, re fit(p) by a military council. On February 15, residents of Bengali, Libya, rose up against the regime of Miramar Qaeda.Following months of NATO bombing and rebel fighting, Qaeda was killed on October 20, 2011, and a National Transitional Council took power. The dramatic political protests?which captivated television viewers and Twitter-feed followers around the world?created an opportunity for a turn of Arab countries o Join the community of democratic nations. Yet the crackdown in Syria showed the world how determined some authoritarian leaders in the Middle East are to remain in power?even at the expense of killing tens of thousands of their own citizens.With the genie of Arab political opposition out of the bottle, countries in the Middle East and North Africa are rapidly changing. Fortunately, high oil prices and a return to relative constancy in many places could improve conditions in 2013. Along with the Arab Spring came President Barack Beams withdrawal of all U. S. Troops from Iraq at the end of 2011. An ignominious end to an imperial beard endeavor, the withdrawal seemed to signal that the U. S. Public was no longer willing to pay for wars that drain the public treasury.President Obama refocused U. S. Policy on fighting against the Taliban in Afghanistan and ratcheting up shove on Iran to abandon its effort to develop nuclear weapons. Many analysts believe that Beams decisions reveal a significant muteing of U. S. Influence in the Middle East. possibly to counteract this decline, Obama decided to bolster the American military presence in the Pacific by cultivating ties with countries afraid of Chinas rise and attaching 2,500 troops permanently in Federal Australia beginning in November 2011.A second development?the European sovereign debt crisis?rel entlessly gathered steam after 2010 in the face of a prolonged recession that made it hard for some countries to pay back huge loans to domestic and foreign banks. European Union leaders had hoped to contain the debt problems in Greece and Ireland, but governments in Spain and Portugal also began to have trouble raising new money by issuing new government bonds. All four countries in 2012 had to get financial bailouts in change for adopting painful government spending cuts that contributed o high unemployment.Even with help from the European Central Bank, these countries have dire conditions that threaten the stability of the European financial system. Rupees responses to its debt crisis have stimulated widespread social unrest. Severe austerity measures have spawned street protests throughout the continent and brought changes of government in Greece, Italy, and Spain. Some EX. leaders and analysts believe that the crisis will spur European countries to form closer ties, while oth ers foresee the death of the Euro and the prospect of national bankruptcies as some countries refuse to pay back onerous loans.If problems worsen in France and Italy, the EX. could unravel economically, causing another deep global recession. The crisis is forcing Germany to decide if it is willing to share the costs of making the EX. stronger, or if it will pursue its purely national interests. The outcomes will likely cause changes in Rupees traditionally generous social programs and in Rupees influence in the world. A third development started as an anti-wall Street protest in New York Citys Cutting Park on September 17, 2011. Two weeks later, the Occupy Wall Street movement had quickly spread to many major U. S. Ties, tit encampments and general assemblies in public spaces. Similar occupations occurred in Europe, Israel, Chile, and Australia. Although the majority of participants in the SOWS social movement have been students, union workers, progressive activists, and the unemplo yed, their ideas seemed to resonate with a significant number of the middle class. Calling themselves the 99% (in contrast to the richesiest 1 percent of Americans), SOWS protestors criticized financial institutions, condemned Wall Street greed, and called for a reduction of corporate control over the democratic process.Although SOWS encampments disappeared, the movement kook up new campaigns in 2012, including efforts to stop home foreclosures and reduce student debt. What do these three developments have in common? While each has its own causes, the protestors collectively represent a reaction to corrupt government and growing inequality. In three large regions?the Middle East, Europe, and North America?movements sought protection from financial and cultural globalization that left people thought at the mercy of market forces.In many cases, protestors felt that they were unfairly forced to bail out the wealthy but denied a chance to snare many o governments 6 s to previous matu ration. Austerity policies that many had adopted since 2008?and even earlier in the Arab countries?cut into a host of public social programs such as education and relief for the little. Many disgruntled citizens disagreed with their leaders, who argued that such reductions were necessary to reduce the size of government, balance national budgets, and stimulate economic recovery.While Arabs claimed a political voice that had been squashed by decades of dictatorial rule, Americans and Europeans seemed to demand a new kind of politics freed from the grip of special interests and big money. In all three cases, elites who were supposed to be the experts on political and financial affairs suddenly were at a loss to formulate why things had gotten so bad under their watch. With a loss of faith in Arab regimes, EX. leaders, and U. S. Bankers came a certain denationalization of ruling ideologies such as economic liberalism.A new emphasis was placed on democratic participation and economic fairness. Despite a new zeitgeist in the air in three continents, old political and economic institutions were still resilient. Many regimes held firm in the Middle East. American banks grew even egger after government bailouts, and more money than ever poured into the campaign war chests of parliamentary and Republican political candidates. EX. political elites continued to make deals that seemed designed to save big investors and banks rather than ordinary citizens.The alternatives to the old did not always promise a better future, either. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, Psalmists like Egypt new president Mohamed Moors made their own undemocratic power grabs, seeking to impose religiously conservative policies and weaken womens rights. Reactions against austerity in Europe strengthened extreme right-wing parties in Greece and France while fueling anti-E or secessionist sentiments in the United Kingdom and Catalonia.And by refusing to maneuver and engage in normal politics, the SOWS forces dissipated?leaving normal two-party gridlock in Washington after the November 2012 elections. The Road Ahead By discussing above the three big developments, as well as the problems and promises in the global economy, we have hopefully given you a sense of some of the important phenomena we seek to understand in international political economy. Not unsurprisingly, there are fierce debates about the causes of current crises and the best solutions to them.One of the arguments we make in this text is that to adequately recognize and explain the current global financial crisis?or any of the other issues covered in the varied chapters?we must use an analytical approach that synthesizes methods and insights derived from economics, political science, and sociology as conditioned by an understanding to history and philosophy. As you delve deeper into the material, you will learn a variety of theories and analytical tools that help us give the interrelationships of the ass ign, market, and society in different nations.The PIP method bridges different academic disciplines to better explain employ, real-world problems that span physical and intellectual boundaries. While this statement might sound a bit formal and confusing at this point, keep in mind that we do not think you need to be an economics major, a specialist in finance, The What, Why, and How of International Political Economy or a Middle East expert to understand the basic parameters of the global financial crisis or the Arab Spring.This book is written for students who have limited background in political science, economics, or sociology, as well as for those who want to followup an assortment of topics in preparation for graduate school. In the next section, we look at how to study PIP?its three distinct analytical perspectives and a number of methodological issues with which PIP students should become acquainted. All the chapters in the book cover important theoretical and Policy issues that have connections to the three developments we have mentioned?and to many more.In this way, we hope students might better understand different dimensions of the problems and then make some reasoned Judgments about how to solve them. Later in this chapter, we discuss the popular phenomenon of globalization as a way o introduce students to many of the political-economic conditions that led up to the global financial crisis. Many PIP experts have asserted that the economic liberal ideas behind globalization may have contributed to the crisis. Opinions differ, however, on whether or not the crisis signals the end of laissez-fairer economic policies, or even the end of capitalism itself. He what, why, and how of International Political economy Our discussion of the financial crisis and its consequences makes clear that todays complex issues can no longer be easily analyzed and understood by using any single et of disciplinary methods and concepts. Those who study PIP are, in essence , breaking down the analytical and conceptual boundaries between politics, economics, and sociology to produce a extraordinary explanatory framework. Following are several examples of questions that traditional academic disciplines might ask as they seek to explain the global financial crisis.Each discipline focuses on different actors and interests International Relations How much has the financial crisis detracted from the ability of states to pay for military defense? How has the crisis affected the conditions of war or terrorism in poor states? As Europe, Japan, and the United States struggle, will emerging countries like China, India, and Brazil gain more political influence in international institutions? International Economics How has the crisis impacted foreign investment, international trade, and the values of different currencies?Comparative Politics What is the capability of political institutions within different nations to respond to the needs of the unemployed? What new political forces are emerging and with what effects on political coalitions? Sociology How has the crisis affected consumption trends for different groups such as the upper, middle, and rower classes? How do the effects of inequality deviate on the basis of ethnicity and gender? Anthropology How have different societies in history dealt with crises related to how they allocate scarce resources?And how have these crises impacted their cultures, values, and societal norms? 8 steering on a narrow range of methods and issues enhances intellectual specialization and analytical efficiency. But any single discipline offers an incomplete explanation of global events. specialization promotes a sort of scholarly blindness or distorted view that comes from using only one set of analytical methods and incepts to explain what most unimpeachably is a complex problem that could benefit from a multidisciplinary perspective.When defining PIP, we make a distinction between the term internatio nal political economy and the acronym PIP. The former refers to what we study?commonly referred to as a subject area or field of inquiry that involves tensions among states, markets, and societal actors. In this text, we tend to focus on a variety of actors and issues that are either international (between nation-states) or transnational (across the national borders of two or more states).Increasingly today, any analysts use the term global political economy kind of of international political economy to explain problems such as climate change, hunger, and illicit markets that have spread over the entire world, and not Just a few nations. In this book, we often use these two terms interchangeably. The acronym PIP also connotes a method of inquiry that is multidisciplinary. PIP fashions the tools of analysis of its antecedent disciplines so as to more accurately describe and explain the ever- changing relationships between governments, businesses, and social forces across history and in different geographical areas.What are some of the telephone exchange elements of the antecedent melds to study that contribute to IP 7 First, PIP includes a political dimension that accounts for the use of power by a variety of actors, including individuals, domestic groups, states (acting as single units), international organizations, nongovernmental organizations (Nags), and transnational corporations (Tens). All these actors make decisions about the distribution of real things such as money and products or intangible things such as security and innovation.In almost all cases, politics involves the making of rules pertaining to owe states and societies achieve their goals. Another aspect of politics is the kind of public and private institutions that have the authority to pursue different goals. Second, PIP involves an economic dimension that deals with how scarce resources are distributed among individuals, groups, and nation-states. A variety of public and private institut ions allocate resources on a day-to-day basis in local markets where we shop. Today, a market is not Just a place where people go to buy or exchange something face to face with the products maker.The market can also be thought of as a driving force that shapes human behavior. When consumers buy things, when investors purchase stocks, and when banks impart money, their dependability transactions constitute a vast, sophisticated web of relationships that coordinate economic activities all over the world. Political scientist Charles obliviousness makes an interesting case that the economy is actually nothing more than a system for coordinating social behavior What people eat, their occupation, and even what they do when not working are all organized around different agricultural, labor, and relaxation markets.In effect, markets often perform a social function of coordination without a coordinator. L Third, the works of such notables as Charles Limbo and economists Robert Hellbender a nd Lester Throw help us realize that PIP does not reflect enough the societal dimension of different international problems. 2 A growing number of PIP scholars argue that states and markets do not exist in a social vacuum. There are usually many different social groups within a state that share identities, norms, and associations based on tribal ties, ethnicity, religion, or gender.Likewise, a variety of transnational groups (referred to as global gracious society) have interests that cut across national boundaries. A host of Nags have attempted to pressure national and international organizations on issues such as climate change, refugees, migrant workers, and gender-based exploitation. All of these groups are purveyors of ideas that potentially generate tensions between them and other groups but play a major role in shaping global behavior. How to Study PIP Contrasting Perspectives and Methodologies The three dominant perspectives of PIP are economic liberalism, mercantilism, and structuralism.Each focuses on the relationships between a variety of actors and institutions. A strict liquidation between these perspectives is quite arbitrary and has been imposed by disciplinary tradition, at times making it difficult to appreciate their connections to one another. Each perspective emphasizes different values, actors, and solutions to Policy problems but also overlooks some important elements highlighted by the other two perspectives. Economic liberalism (particularly unilateralism?see Chapter 2) is most closely associated with the study of markets.Later we will explain why there is an increasing gap between orthodox economic liberals (Eels), who champion free arrests and free trade, and heterodox interventionist liberals (Hills), who support more state ordinance and trade protection to sustain markets. Increasingly, Hills have stressed that markets work best when they are embedded in (connected to) society and when the state intervenes to resolve problems tha t markets alone cannot handle. In fact, many Hills acknowledge that markets are the source of many of these problems.Many liberal values and ideas are the ideological foundation of the globalization campaign. They are derived from notable thinkers such as Adam Smith, David Richard, John Maynard Keynes, Frederica Hayes, and Milton Friedman. The laissez-fairer principle, that the state should leave the economy alone, is attributed to Adam Smith. 3 More recently, economic liberal ideas have been associated with former president Ronald Reagan and his acolytes, who contended that economic growth is best achieved when the government severely limits its involvement (interference) in the economy.Under pure market conditions (I. E. , the absence of state intervention or social influences), people are fictive to behave rationally (see Chapter 2). 10 That is, they will naturally seek to maximize their gains and limit their losses when reducing and selling things. They have strong desires to e xchange and to generate wealth by competing with others for sales in local and international markets. According to Eels, people should strongly value economic efficiency? the ability to use and distribute resources in effect and with little waste.Why is efficiency so important? When an economy is inefficient, scarce resources go unused or could be used in other ways that would be more beneficial to society. This idea has been applied to the new global economy and is one of the basic principles behind globalization. Mercantilism (also called economic nationalism) is most closely associated with the political philosophy of realism, which focuses on state efforts to accumulate wealth and power to protect society from physical harm or the influence of other states (see Chapters 3 and 9).In theory, the state is a legal entity and an autonomous system of institutions that governs a specific geographic territory and a nation. Since the mid-seventeenth century, the state has been the domin ant actor in the international community based on the principle that it has the authority to exercise sovereignty (final authority) over its own affairs. States use two types of power to protect themselves. Hard power refers to tangible military and economic assets employed to compel, coerce, intelligence, tend tot, or death enemies and competitors.Soft power comprises selective tools that reflect and project a country cultural values, beliefs, and ideals. Through the use of movies, cultural exports and exchanges, information, and diplomacy, a state can convince others that the ideas it sponsors are legitimate and should be adopted. Soft power can in many ways be more effective than hard power because it rests on persuasion and mutual exchange. For example, Nobel Peace Prize recipient Barack Obama partly regained some of the worlds support for the United States through a discourse emphasizing multilateral cooperation.Structuralism is rooted in Marxist analysis but not limited to it (see Chapter 4). It looks at PIP issues mainly in terms of how different social classes are shaped by the dominant economic structure. It is most closely associated with the methods of analysis many sociologists employ. Structuralisms emphasize that markets have neer existed in a social vacuum. Some combination of social, economic, and political forces establishes, regulates, and preserves them.As we will see in the case of the financial crisis, even the standards used to evaluator the effectiveness of market systems reflect the dominant values and beliefs of those forces. The Benefits of PIP Each perspective in PIP sheds light on some aspects of a problem particularly well, but casts a shadow on other important aspects. By using a combination of the three dominant PIP methods and concepts (outlined in Table 1-1), we can move to the big picture?the most comprehensive and compelling explanation of global processes.Not surprisingly, mixing together the disciplines of economics, poli tical science, and sociology gives rise to an analytical problem It is difficult to establish a single explanation to any PIP issue because each discipline has its own set of analytical concepts, core beliefs, and methodologies. Does this weaken the utility of PIP? Not at all. We must recognize that PIP is not a hard science it may never table 1-1 Conflicting Political economic Perspectives about state-market relations in Capitalist societies Monetarism (Orthodox Economic Liberals) Main Ideas aboutCapitalism Laissez-fairer minimal state intervention and regulation of the economy Keynesian (Heterodox Interventionist Economic Liberals) The state primes (injects money? liquidity) into the economy to restore confidence in it and to stabilize it Efficiency mixed with a variety of state political and social objectives Developmental State Model (Mercantilism) Socialism (Structuralism) Social Democracy (Structuralism) The state plays a proactive role in the economy to guide and protect its major industries The state controls the economy. Prices set by state officials. Emphasis on state

Criminal Justice in America: A Critical View Essay

Criminal justiceIntroduction Criminal justice is a system of g everyplacenment institutions, which are tasked with upholding social control, and directed at mitigating crimes as well as sanctioning the law breakers with criminal penalties as and rehabilitation efforts as well. Criminal justice wraps a number of areas including law enforcement, juvenile cases, correction and crime prevention. Criminal justice cases at level 200 cover a wide range of areas including policies on sentencing and practice, theories of policing and their effects criminal justice practice. As well as familiarizing with a wide range of natural law powers especially those involving searching and arrest powers. The central role of law in social processes is explored under criminal justice 200, with primary legal regimes of various types cosmos examined and compared from different national contexts as well as across different international context. Legal and non-legal reforms, those of social ordering, are c ontrasted investigating human rights law in its practice and structure. Level 200 also focuses on Disability studies. Theories on how the society interprets disability and consequences in social justice. Factors and determinants that frame disability are factored. These factors take social, political, biological, cultural and economical determinants (Sheldon et al 455). On this paper, I will feature a case that will gain vigork to examine how the judicial system headstrong to take a shift in the way juveniles were treated at rill in cases of criminal nature. The system saw it necessary to put into amity the psychological factors, on growth of adolescents brains especially, when determining these cases as the aim of the system is more of reforming than punishing. Over the years, most states have believed the Juvenile system in the legal system is set up for public protection by providing a mechanism to respond to children who are getting into crime as they mature into self-agg randizinghood. The children who endue these crimes are believed to be less dangerous and blameworthy hence the need to differentiate them from adults doing the same. States have been responsive to these differences and have in turn established unwrap mash systems to cater for the juveniles. They have also provided separate youth-based systems on service delivery that are different from those of adults. Juvenile systems have grown remarkably since their basic introduction. The first juvenile court was established in 1899 in the state of Illinois. At the time, the process was rather informal, consisting of conversations between the judge and the youth- with no legal example for the youth. The system was aimed at creating a different probation system and replacing confinement of these youths in jails alongside the adults. A different approach to their incarceration was adopted which allowed for homework of guidance, education and supervision. All states later embraced the juvenil e system including the then district of Columbia. In the year 1967, the Re Gault landmark ruling by the Supreme lawcourt determined the requirement of attorneys for youths in the system as well as provision of other constitutional rights like accused adults including confrontation of a examine before them. The Supreme Court later gave more constitutional rights including undergoing trials requiring proof beyond reasonable doubt and against double jeopardy. However, some states give youths the right to trial y a jury through statutes and court rulings although the Supreme Court discouraged this (Bremna 342).Case Miller v aluminium This case was a demand presented to the Supreme Court by the petitioner, Miller, against the state of Alabama. The case was argued on 20th March 2012 and was later decided on 25th June 2012. In this petition no 10-9646, the petitioner by the name miller, with his friend beat up Millers friend seriously then continued to set his trailer on fire after a long evening of heavy drug abuse and drinking. The neighbor ended up dying. Initially, Miller had been charged by the court like juvenile, but when his case was later on removed and taken to an adult court, the court charged him with arson and murder. The jury found Miller at fault as charged and the trial court clock timed him to life without parole, which was a statutorily mandated punishment. The Alabama court dealing with appeals re-affirmed the ruling, arguing that Millers sentence was non even as harsh in comparison to the crime he had committed and the mandatory nature of it was permissible according to the eighth amendment, which states that one should not be imprisoned for LWP for juvenile offenders that have committed homicide. The amendment forbids cruel and unusual punishments hence guaranteeing the defendant the right of refrain from being subjected to rather harsh sanctions. punishment for a crime should be proportionate to both the crime and the offender. The amen dment recognizes the lack of mental maturity n these youths, something that could lead to impulsiveness and recklessness as well as poor decision making (Adam 10). This petitioned was argued and judgment given jointly with a case of the same nature, petition No. 10-9647 of capital of Mississippi v Hobbs in which Jackson was charged with murder and thereafter sentenced to a life bondage with no parole. Jackson, a 14year old had taken part in a robbery where, incomprehensible to him, one of his friends had carried a short gun with which he used to murder the clerk in the store. Jackson was charged by Arkansas as an adult with the crime of capital felony of murder alongside robbery. The jury found him guilty of both charges something that led to the sentence. The court likened life without parole to a death sentence (Adam 10). On June 25 2012, the court gave a 5-4 ruling on the case, judging that a life imprisonment without parole was not constitutional if the accused is over the age of eighteen. The court was persistent on Grahams foundational principle that states that the child status must be taken into account when passing such(prenominal) harsh judgments. Regardless of the crime committed, such severe penalties on juveniles cannot go on as if they were not children. The court also directed that sentences of life imprisonment without granting parole as such should be rare. The vulnerability of the children was taken into account as well as their high capability to change in the incoming and become better persons. The ruling would certainly have an after effect, especially on those whose sentencing did not take into account age and other mitigating factors (Adam 10). This decision would see at least half of the states in America change their statutes on handling juvenile cases and sentences to life with no parole including Alabamas statute code 13A. Efforts to end harsh judgments and reduce solitary in confinement for juveniles were evident and efforts to c lose juvenile detention facilities as states started re-thinking of other ways on how to deal with juvenile offenders. Campaigns for youth reforms have been started with correctional facilities aimed at creating a view on young felons as victims of circumstances rather than felons who are unredeemable (Okonkwo 45).ReferencesTop of FormShelden, Randall G, and William B. Brown. Criminal Justice in America A Critical View. Boston Allyn and Bacon, 2003. Print.Bottom of FormDaniel Okonkwo The New York Times- Applying The Miller v Alabama Ruling Retroactively Must Be Done, 2013Adam Liptak, Ethan Bronnerthe New York Times- Justice Bar Mandatory Life Terms For Juveniles, 2012Source document

Differnce Between Online and Physical Shopping

Introduction Online shop or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce whereby consumers directly subvert goods or go from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. An online shop, eshop, e-store, Internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or shopping centre As we know that online shopping is the easy way shopping but also on that point are certain advantages as well as disadvantages.To overcome the technological challenges as well as global challenges most of the business organizations are runway towards ecommerce or e-business. For the shopping of the two items I choose malla emporium and muncha. com to buy Saree and amazon. com and GS electronics to buy attend. While going to shopping I was unknown that what patient of of sari to buy so I went in muncha. com for online shopping of saree . There I got divergent types of saree which can f ulfill my requirement. So I choose chiffon saree with blouse set. After then I moved to malla emporium for shopping of same that type of saree.There they show almost all kind of saree but I couldnt find the saree like that which I got in muncha. It was so difficult to select saree and quality of it and while selecting in that respect is a loss of eon also but while doing by online it was easy and less time consuming. Another good that I would like to buy was watch. For watch I went to amazon. com which is a much known online business site. When I moved to amazon. com I was confused that which kind of watch I should buy. So I search watch at first then I saw titan watch which I like very much so I select that.To buy watch I went to GS electronics where there is showroom of watch. There I looked for the same watch but it was too difficult. I got titan watch but I couldnt get the same one and the price rate was so different. 2. shop Comparison surrounded by Online and Physically In this domain of a function human being always prefer change. And by keeping in view this thing, there is another drastic change we see in shopping. immediately a day we saw two types of shopping. The first is forefathere by physically and the second is done by online. Attributes of shopping modes CharacteristicsAttributes Physical Shopping Online Shopping Information/Gathering ShoppingTravel cost- When I go to malla emporium for shopping there is a requirement of travel cost. No travel cost- While I do shopping through ebay, travel cost is not required. I can get a service in one click. Travel time- In the physically shopping weve to reach upto that store so there is loss of time. No travel time- As we do shopping by online then we can do shopping by one click in our home itself so time will be saved. More shopping fun- person collapse different view point.So while doing shopping physically we can enjoy. Less shopping fun- Online shopping is done by one click staying at a practi ce so its not so fun. Less information certainity- Thats not sure that every shopkeeper tells the truth about the product so we cannot get full information about the product. More information certainity- We can get the real information that we want about the products in online shopping. leveraging/ TransactionHigher Purchase Price- When we do shopping by physically weve to charge high price because there is hidden cost like rental, inventory, labor cost.Lower purchase price- Online shopping swear out us to get a services in a reasonable price then physically shopping. Less distrustfulness feelings caused by transactions. More distrust feelings caused by transactions. Transactions are mostly made by cash but in some place there are used of visa, account cards. Transactions only occurred through master cards, credit cards, visa, debit card. lurch timeNo auction pitch time- We can get the services by hand to hand so no delivery time is required.Delivery time- While doing shopping through online there is requirement of time for delivering of goods to us. Less inconvenience caused by delivery. More inconvenience caused by delivery. 3. Conclusion/ Recommendation Based on the project leading individuals to reallocate their time and money resources, this study examined the time and cost attributes of shopping modes, and explored the tradeoff between these two attributes, i. e. , the foster of time, by assuming that consumers were faced with a shopping mode choice between physical store shopping and e-shopping.The final estimated value of time include two types the value of travel time to shopping places, physical stores as far as this study concerned, and the value of waiting time for the delivery of purchased products. Of course consumers concern toward e-shopping is not only about time and cost. Some psychological aspects, such as information uncertainty and transaction security, have been playing an important role in dominating consumers e-shopping behavior, and have been even more widely discussed in the literature.However, ecommerce continues to advance, in speed and security in particular, it is chiefly believed that online information will be to a great extent improving both in quantity and quality in the near future. By that time, consumers invalidating perceptions towards e-shopping, such as information uncertainty and transaction security, may fade away. If this is going to be true, then consumers psychological concern over e-shopping may piecemeal be disappearing in the future. On the other hand, the economic concern over the travel problem i. . , travel time and travel cost, about physical store shopping, and product delivery problem about e-shopping will ever exist. This makes the value of travel time is more costly then the value of delivery time, this study estimates worth noting. Moreover, this study also found that purchasing online to save travel time and travel cost, which is worth more for avoiding a shopping depen d on can be very inviting to consumers, even though it is at the cost of waiting for a delivery of purchased products, which is worth an average monetary value.While delivering goods there arises problem. Delivery charge differs according to the goods. First, the value of product delivery time seems to highly depend on the types of products consumers shop and purchase. After all, waiting for a delivery of saree may take more time which I need for the especial party and also while delivering watch also takes time which I had to donation for the birthday f my brother.But also this delivery time is reduce by this online business sites according to the products. According to this project I come to know that online shopping is better for shopping rather than physically shopping because there is saving of time, money and we can get the more information about the products and services which we dont get from the physically shopping. In the case of security there is strict rules and regulat ions which help us to get the product safely.

Being Congruent

Anchored on Carl Rogers theory on the person-centered get down of understanding behavior and applying such an understanding to the healing process, the concept of congruence is among the highlights of this renowned theorists perspective. It is understood as a concept which usually starts or initiated by the therapist or practician and modelled to the client whereby the former displays more of the real person that he/she is and reducing denial of the real struggles or feelings that tend to be kept inside (Smith, 1997 Rogers, 1951).In the process, the client learns to unveil the real self rather than mint a facade which not only masks the real problems, make the therapeutic relationship increasingly severe (Rogers, 1959). Rogers probably in his long years of exposure to different clients or patients, found commonality in his inter exploits that help facilitate better recovery and congruence as modelled by a therapist ultimately gained its place in his approach. My list (Roman numera l I) reflects specifically what I am like and readily bow a sketch on my person. There be obvious similarities and the differences are there as well.I keep back many characteristics that I wish I have such as what I had just enumerated in the second set of list (II). The reason that there are differences especially the yearning on my part, for instance, to be less temperamental spring from the fact that because I am too tired from being consecrated and salutary which are manifested in the works I do, I tend to be short-tempered or easily get irritated. In order for this to be attained, the legitimate need to be less serious or work-aholic and have more fun then, is easily understood or acceptable.This actually portrays a ruddy tug of being real and aspiring to be more real to others in more ways than I am at present. Sufficient to say, basing on the idealization of the self by Rogers, I look to be a congruent person because I gain more insights of who I am. IV. Include an act ion point that provides details on how you will strive for more congruency between your actual and ideal self. activity Point There are some steps that had been coined by Rogers to put the theory in action, so to speak. To elaborate, the following are some of the most important things that I will be doing or implementing for a targeted schedule. Step 1 I will examine my values what I cherish and make me thrills are among the things that are found under this step. Step 2 Start to honour the values that I experience are my treasures. Step 3 I would probably pay attention to my body such as my physical reaction to the things I dont want to do but was just constrained to do because of what people might think increases incongruence. Every time I do this, I startle to enhance and increase my ability to say no, or being real especially. Sensing the inner peacefulness and Step 4.As much as possible, I will start to remove or minimize encounters or activities leading to incongruence . The more I listen to the inner prodding that the most important things are stipulation priority, and this vantage point becomes a pathway within the person to experience more confidence in expressing the real issues inside of him. The more I check whether what my actions are, no matter how seemingly trivial they may be, the more Id realize whether the discrepancies do exist and there are perhaps some improvements to narrow the dividing line.This results to being a contented person, able to fully accept inner failings and realizing that people at long last tend to follow suit. Reference Rogers, Carl . R. 1951. Client-Centered Counseling, Boston Houghton-Mifflin. Rogers, Carl . R. 1959. A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as genuine in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (ed. ). Psychology A study of science. (pp. 184-256). N. Y. McGraw Hill. Smith, M. K. (1997, 2004) Carl Rogers and informal education, the Encyclopaedia of informal educatio n. www. infed. org/thinkers/et-rogers. htm

Development system Essay

Over much of the twentieth century, the fore well-nigh edges of economic instruction and growth were mainly identifiable with sectors distinguished by varying degrees of mass production, as expressed in large-scale machine systems and an unrelenting drive to product standardization and cost cutting. all through the mass-production era, the prevailing sectors evolved through a progression of technological and organizational changes think above all on make for routinization and the exploration for internal economies of scale.These features are not particularly conducive to the injection of high levels of aesthetic and semiotical content into final products. Certainly, in the 1930s and 1940s many commentators with supporters of the Frankfurt instill (Adorno, 1991 Horkheimer, 1947) being among the most vocal expressed grave misgivings concerning the steady incursion of industrial methods into the globe of the heathen economy and the tender tendency for multifarious social and em otive content to be evacuated from forms of popular cultural production.These doubts were by no kernel out of place in a framework where much of commercial culture was focused on an enormously narrow approach to entertainment and disruption, and in which the powerful forces of the nation-state and nationalism were bend in considerable ports on creating mass proletarian societies. The specific problems raised by the Frankfurt School in regard to popular commercial culture let in definite respects missed some of their urgency as the economic and semipolitical bases of mass production have given way before the changes guided in over the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the new economy started its ascent.This is not to say that the modern cultural economy is not associated with a number of staid social and political predicaments. Although it is also the case that as commercial cultural production and consumption have developed in the major capitalist societies over the last few dec ades, so our aesthetic and ideological judgments concerning their underlying meanings have lean to shift. The rise of post-modern social and cultural theory is one significant expression of this development. Creative Industries form _or_ system of government and the Reason of Shift in TerminologyThe idea that cultural or creative industries might be regenerative was the result of changes in the cultural-industries landscape that were themselves in part the product of cultural indemnity shifts when cultural policy is understood in the wider sense, to include media and communications . One former(a) key aspect also goes unnoticed in Hesmondhalghs book, which is that the sector itself, the ostensible object of both academic and policy discourse does not distinguish itself in the term cultural industries at least not instantly.Some are exactly unaware of how their activities relay to a range of disparate occupations and businesses. Some are clear in their refusal of the voice comm unication and the company with which they are thus grouped. Certainly, one of the key arguments of the policy advocates is that this sector lacks a essential voice, it unavoidably to convey its demands, needs to become self-conscious as a sector, needs to present itself with the consistency of other economic groups, needs, therefore, to co-operate in its own building as policy object (OConnor, 1999a).If an necessary part of this meandering(a) operation is the dismantling of fixed oppositions between economics as well as culture past this has to be about the self-perception, individuality (and identification) of cultural producers the inculcation or adoption of a new chassis of what Nigel Thrift calls embodied performative knowledge but can as well be seen as a form of habitus (OConnor, 1999a, 2000b). The notion of culture is constructed through a number of intersecting discourses providing particular means of mobilising the notion and defining its object.These discourses are s electively emphasized to frame cultural (industries) policies . The cultural industries discourse accordingly is not just policy making but is part of a wider shift in governance, and needs a new set of self-understandings as part of the key skills in a new cultural economy (OConnor, 2000b). In this sense those apprehensive to advocate cultural industry strategies could be seen as a species of cultural intermediaries.

Prioritizing Projects at Dd Williamson

institution Case Analysis D. D. Williamson created a list of 78 childbeds which subscribe to to be prioritized, organized, and selected. The company use a four step method to rate each bedevil 1) Establish criteria for prioritizing projects. 2) Weigh each criterion. 3) castigate the list of projects. 4) Rate each project on each criterion and total ratings. To give group members control over the ranking of projects, each member was asked to write iii different criteria on three Post-it Notes. These Post-it Notes were divided into similar item groups and each group was named.This process effected the big criteria for selection. The criteria were used to make how well each project would discipline into the strategy of the company (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 35). To weigh each criteria group, the team up members charge each group a score. More important groups were given a score of 10, less important groups a score of 6 to 9, the least important groups a score of 5 or less. Cri teria that were scored at 6 or higher were used to assess each project and criteria of 5 or abridge were reserved for further ranking later in the process.Criteria are dull in order to inspection and repair place the projects in order of importance as they are aligned with the goals of the company (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36). After the criteria were established and leaden, the list of projects was refined. Projects that were listed out as individual projects besides were really one project happening simultaneously in different locations were discovered and the list was changed to reflect this, reducing the number of projects on the list.There were to a fault projects added to the list that had not been formally identified as projects earlier. The criteria helped to figure which projects could initially be considered projects and which projects could be aloof from the list. The projects on the list were reviewed to discover which were considered most important and rank the rest . The projects considered most important were immediately set on the top of the importance list, and the rest went through the scoring process to be ranked in order from most to least important.The projects were than rated according to the criteria that had been established earlier. Each project was rated to see how well it fit into each individual criterion, one at a time. All team members participated in the scoring, and agreement needed to be reached on how to score each project in the beginning scores were recorded. If project scoring need a lengthy decision, that was set aside for a different time so that team members could get through this process fairly rapidly (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36-37). This entire process was recorded into a spreadsheet.How the projects were ranked, how each project was scored on each criterion and the calculation of the weighted scores were all recorded on the spreadsheet. The team had prioritized 62 projects total throughout this process. Since the projects had already been ranked in order of importance, it would be easy for the team to hold a future meeting to assign resources and timelines to the projects at the top of the list (Kloppenborg, 2009. P. 44-45). The prioritization of the projects was a very(prenominal) important task for D. D. Williamsons global operating team to complete.Although the task seems time consuming, it go away write the team time in the long run because projects are rated in importance long before they are scheduled to begin. The weighting process allowed the team to discover where each project would fit into the pulverisation analysis, and how each project would further the strategic objectives or otherwise benefit the company. The company uses a database to tell apart their potential projects. The database is used to keep track of daily work and project work. This tracking helps to highlight things that need to be improved during daily processes.The very large list of 62 potential projects gi ves the company a wide range of choices in selecting which projects to complete. This helps to ensure that the most important issues that need to be worked on entrust be addressed in the timeliest fashion (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 32-33). D. D. Williamson chooses to use a scoring model in project selection. This seems to be the most efficient way for the company to prioritize and select projects. Major problems arising with this process would be the potential for lengthy discussions revolving around project selection and prioritization.The rating process helps to eliminate much of the discussion, but there may be some sticking points where additional criteria will have to be used to decide on issues. Recommended Actions In addition to the continuing use of the database and prioritization and selection process, it is recommended that D. D. Williamson use the lower weighted criteria to help make decisions when a stalemate has been reached when discussing potential projects. The addition al criteria can help team members to quickly address concerns about potential projects.If the potential projects are ranked well in the super weighted criteria, the lower weighted criteria can be used to further break down the project and determine if it is a good fit. The last recommendation is creating mandatory criteria. In addition to moving the most highly scored projects to the top of the list, mandatory criteria can ensure that necessary projects are not overlooked. These mandatory criteria can implicate issues like government regulation, safety issues, and security issues (Kloppenborg, 2009, p. 36). The mandatory criteria will fast-track projects that must be completed.Conclusion D. D. Williamson has a large(p) project selection process in place. While many other companies use in-person preference or whims to make project decisions, D. D. Williamson carefully considers which projects fit best into the companys strategies and which will best help further the interests of the company. With a few minor additions to the process, D. D. Williamson can continue to make great project selections and maintain a competitive advantage in their market. References Kloppenborg, T. J. (2009). Contemporary project management (pp. 27-45). stonemason South- Western Cengage Learning.