Yupik (Eskimo)

The Yupik or the Eskimo is famously known for its ice dwellings known as igloos. Their adaptive characteristics to environment especially in the snow caps are very extraordinary. This paper shows the background including the origin and expansion of this group of people. It also tackles the culture and the composition of the Eskimo tribe as well as their ways of living. Background on the Yupik People The Eskimo is a group of interrelated tribes who occupies the location from Siberian Arctic up to Canada and Greenland. The word Eskimo comes from the Algonquin language which means â€Å"raw flesh eaters†. The Yupik are classified as a sub-group of the Eskimos and also referred to as the Siberian Yupik or Siberian Eskimos (Vajda). The Yupik people spend their time living in the along the watershed coasts of the rivers of Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers. These rivers flow towards to the west passing by southwest Alaska and ends at the Bering Sea. The Yup’iks are regarded as the most numbered groups among the Inuit groups in Alaska. Origin and Expansion. The ancestors of the Yupik people are believed to have reached the ice caps of Alaska and Russia during the third and final migration from Asia which occurred ten to eleven thousand years ago at the latter part of the Ice Age. Edward Vajda cites that archeological and linguistic evidences show that the direct ancestors of the Yupik people over the Bering Strait through the presence of the Bering land that time. Their ancestors are said to have lived in the areas of Siberian Bering and Arctic Sea coasts before the arrival of Chukchi and Korak tribes from the South From their base in the current location in West Alaska, they separated into two (2) distinct groups: (1) the Eskimos, and (2) the Aleuts. After some time, explorers, traders and settlers from Europe and Russia came during the 1800’s. However, this event created setbacks to the Yupik because their communities suffered deadly epidemic diseases like smallpox, influenza, and tuberculosis. Ways of Living The homes of Yupik are designed to be flat, with treeless tundra landscapes with multiple numbers of lakes. In the previous times, they were found residing in houses made of wood and whalebones as the fundamental structures. The walrus skins are covered into the sides and the insides were lightened by bowl shaped clay lamps, or those made of carved stones. During winters, they stay in walrus hide and plank tents although before, they lived in the so-called igloos which are also known as â€Å"nynglu†. At summer time, their homes are made of wood covered with walrus skins forming the shape of a rectangle. Today, the Yupik now live in modern houses powered by electricity and petroleum oil instead of seal oil which was used by them previously. They also have glass walls around their houses. One difference between the American and Siberian Eskimos as pointed out by Vajda is the presence of men’s communal house or commonly known as â€Å"kashim† which is common among the American Yupik rather than the Siberian Yupik. For their livelihood, the Yupik people rely on the oceans and rivers since there are located along the shores. They still continue to hunt and get their own food even if there are suppliers of food on stores coming from ships and planes of other countries. Hunting fish is the major source of food for the Yupik especially for those living on the islands. During summer, salmons caught from rivers are dried for the winter season. Walrus meat were dried and stored in a semi-cold temperature so that they can be fermented and boiled up as food. (Vajda) Other varieties of available fish include: (1) cod, (2) halibut, and (3) herring. For additional dietary supplements, they also hunt down seals and walruses which are very common along the Bering Sea and they also consume shellfishes, terrestrial mammals (moose and caribou), birds, bird eggs, and plants. According to Vajda, they hunt the walruses by using open leather boats known as â€Å"angyapik† and small canoes known as â€Å"kayaks†. They use a whalebone clapper which produces the killer whale sound that drives the walruses and seals towards the shore where the hunters with spears are awaiting for them. Whale hunting was also a routine but only rarely because one whale can feed the whole village of Yupik. The Yupik people use dogs as their pack animals. (Vajda) They store their food in underground caches located in their houses. For their transportation, the Yupik people use land vehicles and snow mobiles. For sea transportation and hunting, they use the â€Å"Umiaks† which are boats made from walrus’ skins. Before, snails and oars were used in propelling the boats but as the world modernizes, so are their boats which use outdoor motors. Culture and People Characteristics Yupik are said to be well adaptive to new surroundings and strong individuals. On the other hand, upon going with the flow to new ways of living, the Yupik customs and culture remained strong and intact. Their customs are mainly focused on the rituals of hunting and sharing. Their relationship with other groups such as the Chukotka brought back the practices of trade and intermarriage. The Yupik are composed of male exogamic clans or lineages. Each clan or lineage has a unique myth or origin of existence and every clan member who dies is buried in a single location exclusively for the clan. The returns from hunts and foragings are equally shared among the clan members. According to studies, the clans in the pasts owned large dwelling houses which can house around 200 to 400 members of their respective clans. (Vajda) Language, Writing and Education. The language being used by the Yupik people belong to the Yupik branch of the Eskimo family. The Yupik language and writing were developed by the missionaries in the 1800’s who formulated a way of inserting the Latin alphabet (shown in Figure 1) in writing Yupik. The language was named after a missionary named John Hinz and was also used in publishing translations of the Bible and other religious scriptures. In Siberia, the use of Cyrillic language (shown in Figure 2) was developed by scholars although some who know the way of writing Yupik tend to write in Russian instead. By 1960’s at the University of Alaska, a group of scholars with the assistance from native Yupik speakers gathered together in order to formulate a new orthography for Yupik. One of their objectives was to devise an orthography that could be encoded on an English keyboard, without the presence of accent marks or extra letters. Aside from that, they also desired to symbolize the individual sounds or the pronunciation of the language with separate letters. (Vajda) The Yupik language is spoken by approximately 11,800 people who live at Alaska and Siberia. The Yupik writing is composed by the Latin alphabet in Alaska and Cyrillic alphabet in Siberia. In Russia, 800 of the 1700 Yupik speak the Yupik language fluently. Most Yupik also speak the Chukchi and the Russian language fluently. (Vajda) According to Ray Barnhardt (1999), the education is reaching the people on Alaska particularly the Yupiks. One of the good signs that were reported by Barnhardt (1999) is the enhancement of knowledge and skills of teachers and soon to be teachers in the region through short education courses. These developments are essential for personal growth for the Yupiks through education aside from lessons learned from experiences. Figure 1 (Latin Alphabet for Yupik) Figure 2 (Cyrillic Alphabet for Yupik) Beliefs and Religion The Yupik according to Vajda are animists whose beliefs in resemblance with those of the Chukchi people. For them the killer whale, raven and wolf are considered sacred and must not be executed. The Yupik, as well as the the Chukchi and Korak, believes that Raven had created the world. The swallow (bird) is also paid respect and honor because it was thought to protect hunters at sea. Killer whales are also revered as protectors of hunters; it was also thought that the killer whale turns into a wolf in winter and devoured the reindeer unless some of the reindeer submitted to the hunters. Ritual meals are concluded by throwing a piece of meat into the sea to bless and thank the killer whales which are believed as the cause of their catches. More than among American Eskimo groups, Siberian Yupik shamanism is inclined toward placating or giving importance to the sea animals in which the clans depended on for nourishment. There are also special ceremonies which were held before the departure of hunting boats as asking for guidance and bounty for food. (Vajda) Conclusion The culture of the Yupik / Eskimo people is amazing because of two things. One is because of their ability to adapt to environment for survival. Surviving in a low temperature location like in Alaska, Greenland or Siberia requires expertise in keeping oneself warm at all occasions. The supply and availability of food is not that high in lower temperature places but the ability of this group to find ways in order for them to adapt and be well versed in this kind of environment. This paper has shown way beyond the pictures of igloos and the Eskimos on textbooks of students. Second and most importantly is their ability to retain its culture and customs despite the adaptive measures and global changes that happen frequently. This is manifested through their religion and beliefs which if compared today’s beliefs and the existing religion will make theirs primitive. Beyond these changes and adaptations, the notion of keeping ones identity despite changes is what people and clans can admire and imitate from the Yupik people.

Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy Essay

The problem of evil is a significant and enduring philosophical and theological debate. A question is often raised and discussed: if God is both all-loving and all-powerful, then how can evils-including natural evil and moral evil—exist in our world? In response to the charge that the evils of the world are incompatible with God’s omnipotence and perfect goodness, the word†theodicy† is coined to deal with the problem of evil. Usually it is an attempt to show that it is possible to affirm the omnipotence of God, the love of God, and the reality of evil without contradiction. Two of the most well-known and most frequently discussed theodicies are the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. The Augustinian theodicy was constructed by Saint Augustine (345-430 AD) and is the main traditional Christian response to the problem of evil. The Augustinian Theodicy holds the view that because God is perfect, the world was created free of imperfections. God cannot be blamed for evil and suffering since God didn’t create them, on the contrary, evil comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly and choose through free will to sin and disobey God. Natural evil is an appropriate punishment because humanity destroyed the natural order, we have all sinned so we all deserve to be punished. Quite different from the Augustinian theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy which was created by Saint Irenaeas (130-202 AD) and later developed by John Hicks and Richard Swinburne doesn’t see the world as created all-good and describes an almost opposite process compared with the Augustinian theodicy. It holds that humans were initially created as immature and imperfect beings; they were created in the image of God, but not His likeness. Mankind’s goal is to achieve that likeness. Such perfection and likeness of God cannot be ready-made, it can only be developed through free will choices, and we can only become moral and develop through making moral judgments. Natural evil has to be created in order to help man progress. According to Irenaean theodicy, the suffering of the world will be justified with the reward of heaven, and this is a heaven for all, everybody will go to heaven by achieving the likeness of God. The following passages are mainly devoted to the discussion of the distinctions between the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy. First, the different theories of evil are where a foremost and drastic distinction emerges. In the Augustinian theodicy, the main philosophical position is the idea of the negative or privative nature of evil. Evil here is seen as a matter of privation-in each created being, evil is that which deprives it of the particular form or purpose which is natural to it. In other words, evil is not substance, not a â€Å"thing†, but a privation of good, an absence of good and a falling away from good. It always consists of the malfunctioning of something that is in itself good. For example, shadow is not a proliferation of darkness, but an absence of light. Since evil is a lack of something, it is not something that was created by God, but comes from angels and humans who act less than perfectly. When human being’s free will abandons what is above itself and turns to what is lower, it becomes evil. So human beings are totally responsible for evil because evil is the result of hu man error. In the Irenaean theodicy, however, evil plays an important role in the gradual creation of a perfected humanity through life in a highly imperfect world. Then a question â€Å"Why can’t God just create us as perfect as in Augustinian theodicy?† is raised. To this question, John Hick gave a fully and vivid explanation in his book Philosophy of Religion. He cleverly points out: if the world were a paradise from which all possibility of pain and suffering were excluded, then the consequences would be very far-reaching, nothing bad, nothing suffering would exist in this world, no one could ever be injured by accident, people could do anything immoral they want without hurting other people†¦ As a result, in a world free of real dangers, difficulties, problems, obstacles, there will be no meaning for the real good qualities as generosity, kindness, love, prudenceetc to exist. God had to allow the possibility of evil, because if there were no such possibility man would not be free to choose good over evil. If there were no evil and suffering humans would always follow God’s law because there would be no difficulties in doing so. The evils in this world are required by a God of love who seeks the development of his free creatures from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. In other words, we human beings learn to be morally mature enough to grow closer to God. Evil can lead us to the final goodness and perfection. In this regard, God is partly  responsible for the evil in the world. Second, Augustine sticks close to the biblical text, whereas Irenaeus ties his theory less to the biblical text. As the more authentically biblical view, the Augustinian theodicy is based on the Bible and does not contradict the scriptures; it follows the traditional Christian interpretation of the creation story in the Genesis: God creates the world perfectly in six days, Adam and Eve—-the ancestors of human beings—live in the Garden of Eden happily, until one day Eve is tempted by a serpent and eats the forbidden fruits and is finally driven out of the Paradise. By eating the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil Eve commits the first sin. Augustine’s theodicy could be seen as consistent with this interpretation of the text. Moreover, he uses other Biblical ideas of God, and defends the perfection of God by maintaining that evil is a privation and not a substance, and that evil comes from human sinfulness. Humans deserve the consequences of natural evil and they are responsible for their own suffering through abuse of their own free will. The Irenaeus theodicy, on the contrary, is not compatible with biblical teaching. As a matter of fact, it is in many ways just the opposite of the interpretation of the Bible by claiming that God is partially responsible for evils. Third, in comparison to the Augustinian theodicy being a â€Å"Soul deciding† theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy is a â€Å"Soul making† theodicy. â€Å"Soul deciding† means that different consequences come as a result of the free will of human beings. So if a person chooses to do a morally wrong act a consequence will follow. A â€Å"soul making† theodicy is applied by irenaeus, which means to move from the state of imperfection through moral struggle toward eventual completed humanization. Besides the distinctions mentioned in the above passages, the Augustinian theodicy and Irenaean theodicy are often compared by people in many other aspects. For instance, Augustine leaves some people a long way from God whereas Irenaeus explains how everyone can reach heaven through moral struggle; for Augustine God is remote from man, having been distanced by his sin whereas for Irenaeus, as we make this progress we grow closer to God, reducing the epistemic distance between us and God; the Augustine’s theodicy is often thought of as a pessimistic and â€Å"tragic†Ã‚  theodicy whereas the Irenaean theodicy is generally conceived as a â€Å"comic† theodicy as is more positive and optimistic. Not surprisingly, the two theodicies also have some similarities, the most common one is that both of them trace evil back to human free will: for Augustine it is the reason why angels and human beings fall from the ultimate goodness of heaven, and what they use to disobey God, but for Irenaeus it is a part of God’s plan because it allows self-development, people also use this free will to disobey God and it causes suffering, but this suffering can help them to develop their character in order to choose to embrace goodness or evil. In conclusion, the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy are two sharply contrasted theodicies: the Augustinian theodicy which is also known as the â€Å"soul deciding† theodicy, stresses the role of the Fall, and sees evil as either sin or the result of sin; whereas the Irenaean theodicy, which regards evil as a requirement by a God of love to let his free creatures to develop from their original innocence into fully mature spiritual beings. Thus, our world becomes â€Å"the vale of soul-making†. Since the day of their births, the two theodicies have respectively received many praises as well as criticisms and challenges. Many deficiencies are found in both of the two theodicies. As a matter of fact, the problem of evil, far from being solved, is still open to discussion. References Day, Elizabeth. â€Å"Geneticist claims to have found’God gene’ in humans.† The Washington TimesWorld. 15 Nov 2004. Copyright 2004 News WorldCommunications, Inc. Hick, John. â€Å"An Irenaean Theodicy.† A John HickReader. Ed. Paul Badham. Philadelphia:Trinity Press International, 1990. 88-105. Ridley, Matt. Genome. New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2000

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of In Depth Interviews Psychology Essay Health, social work, education and other social activities are considered as social sciences and fields of practice because they influence peoples lives every day (Merriam 2009). Due to humans curiosity and eager to learn, we choose to discover and learning more about ones practice rather than improving ones practice. Through qualitative research, it can leading us to ask more researchable question, not only find the solution, but also discover why it happen and how to overcome it Definition of Qualitative Research Qualitative research is specific relevance to the study of social relations, due to the fact of the diversification of life worlds. According to Hennink (2010), qualitative research is a broad umbrella term that covers a wide range of techniques and philosophies. It can examine peoples experiences in details, by using a specific set of research methods such as focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, visual methods, observations, content analysis and life histories o r biographies. One of the distinctive features of qualitative research is to identify the issue from the perspective of study participants. Through interpretation, understand the meanings that towards the behavior, events and objects. The skill of qualitative researcher must be expert so that they can extract the information and meaning form the given data, convert them into useful information such as report or presentation. Tools of Qualitative Research In-depth Interviews In-depth interviews are open-ended and guided discussion that involves conducting thorough individual interviews with a small number of respondents. The main objective is to discover their perspectives on a particular situation, idea and program (Boyce 2006). In-depth interviews are used to explore and understand about a persons thoughts, ideas and behaviours. Through interview, information and outcome data can be obtained, thus understanding what happen in a specific program and why it happened. When to use? In- depth interviews can be used when making complementary method strategy to a survey. Researchers had to develop techniques and strategies for working with groups of children and young people. In addition, in-depth interviews will be the best if someone are interested in individual information which regarding several topics of interest that can be attained only through an informal conversation alone with the child informant. When not to use? As long as the interview person is children, it is important to treat them as active participants, rather than mere respondents. It is essential to give them the opportunity to explain their responses in the interviewing process. Their emotion must be concern, so that they will not feel like been force giving the right answer. Advantages and disadvantages of In-depth Interviews The primary advantage of in-depth interviews is that much comprehensive information can be obtained through other data collection methods such as surveys. Survey can create a friendly environment for people to fill out their ideas and thought, thus the results and feedbacks can be obtained more easily and accurately. The secondary advantage of in-depth interviews is to allow interviewers to understand deeper with the participant, and gain more extra knowledge and insight than focus group. Thirdly, the faster process had become one advantage of in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews can enable the recruiting and scheduling process easier and faster.

This a field note Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

This a field note - Essay Example I want to relay the commentators’ views verbatim, but I am at a loss. No matter how I probe my brain to remember how they said things, all I can remember were the feelings those words had on me. Still, in this narrative, I will try to relay the details by interpreting and paraphrasing what was retained in my memory (Emerson, Fretz, and Shaw 75). Additionally, in this account, I will also try as much as possible to refer to scenes as I have personally experienced and seen them, to provide the most detailed account of the event I want to narrate (Emerson, Fretz, and Shaw 83). In reference to the title I chose, I am not saying that people are asking for blood, but boxing, as we know it, sort of makes one expect that the more bloody the event is, the more exhilarating the winning is. This was what I felt during the hours of watching a spectacular boxing match a couple of months ago. I was at home cozily sitting on the plush brown sofa I chose to sit on for the event. On the mahoga ny center table, I placed a large bowl of yellow buttered popcorn that I just got out from the microwave. The flavorful scent that permeated the air made me smile as I placed a tall glass of iced tea beside the glass bowl. I was preparing myself to be as excited as the crowd because it is a very much talked about match. Curious to see what this titleholder has to offer, I began to immerse myself in the game. I was trying to listen to what the commentators were saying, and the crowd’s piercing screams caused me a frown or two occasionally. By the middle part of the match, my hands were already clammy with cold sweat. I did not realize I was so much taken by the events inside the ring. I clutched my white handkerchief, gripping it every time a good punch was given. My heartbeat was already above normal at that time, feeling like I took a 15-minute brisk walk. What really held my interest were the cuts and wounds on T’s face. I do not want to imagine how it feels like to have swollen flesh with nasty-looking cuts being hit with strong punches every few minutes or so. I could swear I see T’s grimace towards the latter part of the game. I even began to wonder whether they were really grimaces or his face was just badly swollen and disfigured. The camera zoomed across the audience at the end of every round. It focused on faces smiling, laughing, and anxious. The noise and screaming were overwhelming. Funny how the camera seems to quickly catch standout expressions like mouths wide open to scream their taunts and jeers. I noticed one teenage person in bright red shirt whose freckled face appeared to be more freckled as he seemed to shout his outrage. I particularly do not know what he is mad about, but his expression told me a lot. He kept nudging his other companions while waving and pointing his fingers towards the ring, making all verbal gestures that spoke of how agitated he was. On the other hand, some played it cool, casually smiling, and l aughing with their friends, or even strangers who happen to be near them. Observing the crowd made me feel like I was there with them; the only difference is the advantage of watching specific angles of the whole arena. The bell for the last two rounds rang and the crowd sounded more frenzied. Everyone

Advanced strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced strategic management - Essay Example This essay is a critical evaluation of an organization facing a problem associated with a strategic issue. It focuses on Woolworths Group Plc. which is a renowned organization dealing with entertainment and media in the United Kingdom. The risks associated with focusing and directing most of the resources on improvement of operational effectiveness. Potential avenues for addressing this problem have been discussed focusing on the various techniques and models available, including the regression and the time series models. The organization expanded rapidly since its establishment in 1909, leading to expansion in foreign markets for its entertainment products. It began going global in its operations, initially establishing in Liverpool and later expanding in the whole of the UK. By 2001, the company entered the London stock exchange after it broke off from its merger with Kingfisher Plc. The organization had been doing well in its recovery strategies, mainly focused on doing away with the huge amounts of stock that was in excess as well as offsetting the debts acquired while it was in a merger with Kingfisher. The management had to be strengthened. The organizational performance rose considerably since 2001 (Johnson et al 2004 p 66). The organization was focused on improving its operational effectiveness through approaches aimed on reinforcement of infrastructure, whereby there were improvements in managing stocks, and the supply chain. Other aspects of operational effectiveness included reduction of suppliers and improvements in branding. More offices were bought in order to bring better services to customers in foreign markets such as Hong Kong (Johnson et al 2004 p 67). The organization also focused on product improvement, a factor that improved its competitive advantage in the short run. It established two operation lines, whereby according to Johnson et al, it had a woolies arm for retail while on the other

Life is a Smorgasbord Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life is a Smorgasbord - Essay Example After the dinner, the family went home for a surprise birthday party. As the family left the restaurant, he felt overfed and the idea of making choices in life dawned on him. Making appropriate choices in life create the difference between people who enjoy life and those who have no enjoyment for life. Life is full of choices. Every day we are presented with an opportunity to make a choice. Choices are an important part of a person’s life, however the agency and the degree of importance attached to choices determines the nature of the choice to be made (Lewis 296). The decisions we make in the present determines our feature and therefore it is necessary to make appropriate decisions. Appropriate decisions will therefore involve choosing thing that fit our lives. Due to the importance of making of choices, I always make choices with consideration of the future. The present is important however, the future is more important in our lives since we are capable of deciding it or shaping it. In any choice that I make in life, I always consider its implication on my future life. In this consideration, I make choices that have a positive implication on my future life. Such decision can be based on long-term or short-term goal. Every choice has an opportunity cost attached. Opportunity cost is the value or benefit that I could have obtained if I chose the second best alternative on my list of choices. The notion of opportunity cost has been an important tool in my decision-making. Using this tool, I am able to evaluate the value of choices presented to me by life. Opportunity cost enables me to evaluate the opportunity cost of a particular combination of choices in the presented list. The idea behind making of choices is to determine the best value and to minimize any possibility of lose of value. A good choice will therefore be the choice with the lowest opportunity cost in the presented list of

Conflict resolution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Conflict resolution - Case Study Example Environmentalists and executives of a company accused of polluting a stream meet to resolve their differences at a university-run mediation center in the Southeast. All of these examples are part of a new way of dealing with conflict. These new approaches to conflict are usually referred to by the general term "conflict resolution." Something whose roots can be traced to four (sometimes separate, sometimes intertwining) movements, all of which began in the mid-1960s and early 1970s: (1) new developments in organizational relations; (2) the introduction of the "problem-solving workshop" in international relations; (3) a redirection of religious figures from activist work in peace-related endeavors to an emphasis upon "peacemaking"; and (4) the criticism of lawyers and the court system by the general public that resulted in what is known as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). These four movements, which comprise the major divisions in the new field of conflict resolution, are all part of a more encompassing phenomenon in recent American history--the realization that the bureaucratization of the modern world has resulted in extreme depersonalization. This realization resulted in the questioning of legitimate authority characteristic of the 1960s and early 1970s in America. Thus, the emergence of the field of conflict resolution must be seen in the context of the larger framework of social and cultural change in American society. In the United States, as in all industrialized societies, legitimacy is based on authority embodied in the legal system, bureaucratic administration, and centralization. Indeed, we live in a society characterized by the rationalization of law, centralization and concentration within industry, and the subsequent extension of state intervention to previously private human actions. Like the civil rights movement, the women's liberation movement, the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the questioning of every major institutional order in the 1960s, conflict resolution was born in a time of questioning whether traditional legal authority served the needs of people or supported a status quo that reinforced social and political inequality. The 1960s ushered in a time of change and conflict. It was perceived by an active and vocal, if not large, part of the population that change was good, and the conflict that often produced the change was also a positive thing and not something to be avoided. Each of the four movements in conflict resolution, in their own unique way, represents a challenge to traditional authority, a part of this new way of looking at change and conflict. In the area of organizational relations this took the form of a questioning of top-down, centralized decision making and the role conflict played in organizations. In international relations, the "power paradigm" (the view that there are severe limitations to political reform because human beings are power-seeking creatures by nature and must be controlled by strong government action) was challenged via the notion that human beings seek to fulfill their basic needs rather than always seeking power and material interests. In certain religious organizations this took the form of an emphasis upon the religious community's ability to

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Optimal Number Of Firms In The Market - Essay Example Imagine if the world is consuming what has been given to them, the world is being operated on daily basis, such as a limited amount of food is prepared daily and in order to prevent the food from getting stale, people consume every unit of it, is it possible Of course there is no chance for such situation, so we have to consider even bigger policies for production and consumption, may be we can use the past records of what is the optimal level of production and consumption or at which particular level firms are having maximum profit and minimum loss. We now have to consider the importance of the circular flow or economic cycle, the market system heavily relies on the supply and demand to solve the three major arising problems that are What goods and services will be produced, it is determined by the daily purchasing decisions of the customers as keeping it on the yearly basis can be very risky, one can see that over the past few years the bird flue took place significantly, therefore we cannot rely on yearly basis as the behavior of consumers can change unpredictably. The second problem is How things or goods produced would be rated in terms of pricing, of course there is a competition everywhere, so the problem of differentiating the product arises. Taking the example of bird flue there are many other issues that are very common in every day life such as at times there is drastic change in the technological market, such as everyday a new computer technology replaces the old one which eventually results in greater competition and brand switching. The third issue is For whome things are produced, here the focus is obviously on consumers and their level of consumption, but supply and demand has a major role to play here. The immediate task the companies have to face is to determine the wages, land rents, interest rates and many factors related to everyday life, it is explained thoroughly later in this discussion. The circular flow is all based on the previously d iscussed three problems. What the flow intends to show is that all the money is constantly moving within a frame of a country, there are minor changes but over all the flow is constant until and unless some big change takes place such as war. The circular flow is all comprised of four things, those are product markets (prices are set by the markets keeping in view the scenario), Household markets (the buyer behavior which keeps on shifting but over all the money utilization and spending is unchangeable), the business sector (which pays the rents and wages to the people working, who are also at the same time are households) and the factor markets (which keep on changing the rents, wages, interests but over all the wealth remains within the country, if less rent for one person may be much higher for another person). Until and unless these problems would not be solved which of course cannot be solved the firms would find it impossible to be operated at an optimal level. "Dollar votes of households interact with business supply in the product markets at top, helping to determine what is produced.

FOOD INTAKE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FOOD INTAKE - Essay Example I have kept track of what I ate for three days. To keep account of the mentioned food intake, I have used the iProfile tool. With its help, I have examined my eating habit. Specifically, I have tried to find out whether I eat the optimal amount of lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and proteins. Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins are the names of nutrients needed by each person in order to have their body functioning properly. In particular, protein is known to play the role of building blocks for numerous things within the human body. To specify, the body needs protein to build tissue as well as bones, skin and cartilages. Protein is the building material for our hair and nails. Also, it takes part in the formation of enzymes and hormones in the human body. Having reviewed the intake of protein for the mentioned period, I can say that most protein that gets into my body is from eating beef and chicken. In addition, I’ve got to know that protein is in many products that I consume without being aware of this. These are chocolate candies, potato chips, coffee, and salad. All in all, I get 47 g of protein. As for foods that provide carbohydrates in my daily intake, these are, first of all, bread and cheese. Some other things rich in carbohydrates are jalapenos, salad, and iced tea. My intake of carbohydrates is 182 g. As for lipids, I consume them within almost all food that I eat, including bake potato, chicken, beef, salad, etc. The intake of lipids is 73g. Commenting on lipids in my daily dose, it needs to be mentioned that my intake of oil is very low. With reference to My Pyramid, it corresponds to zero or below 10%. Having compared my data with DRI, I can say that my carbohydrates intake is rather low. Specifically, I consume 182 g; it, however, needs to be 311-449 g. In order to improve this, spaghetti and whole grain bread may be added as a

Deviation in the process metric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Deviation in the process metric - Essay Example So attempts to remove or replicate a deviation that occurred in the past are being made as a reaction to those changes. In the reactive state, the team looked at cause and effect. In proactive mode, attention shifts to the "likely cause" and "likely effect." Lean teams in this phase spend time shaping the future: looking for potential problems and opportunities and ways to avoid or exploit them. After the potential problem analysis, the team addresses the likely cause of a process performance decline by taking preventive actions. If, despite preventive actions, the likely cause does occur, the team is prepared for damage control with planned contingency actions. Potential opportunity analysis helps teams explore the future for better-than-planned process performance, helping them promote the likely cause so process performance exceeds expectations. They take promoting actions to capitalize on the potential positive effect. When things do go better, they are prepared to take full advantage of the opportunity. For example, a company has Support Departments which reacts on users' complains about network performance. Reactive approach is to react on each user's request asking him or her to wait while network be unloaded. Proactive approach in this case is to purchase and install new network equipment that is more costly and takes more time. But proactive approach advantages in strategic outlook because as a result number of users' complains in Support Departments decreases. 3. Illustrate how an organization could use outsourcing to gain a competitive edge on competition. An organization could use outsourcing for managing network security. When this part of work is entrusted to professionals they do it in qualitative manner and for lesser money, what really gives a competitive advantage to the organization. Schweitzer (2004) writes that for some organizations, network management operations may be better served through outsourcing. Freeing up some of staff's administrative duties may merit farming out perhaps a portion of the company's network management tasks. With so many vendors now offering a plenty of services, including remote monitoring and management of networks, it's not difficult to find prices that fall within a range of budgetary parameters. The outsourcing alternative can ease the sometimes perplexing burden of network management. In the end, an effective network security team will exercise a comprehensive management approach that applies both proactive and reactive elements. Individual businesses should engage knowledgeable managers to examine the needs of the company and make choices as to the best courses of action to ensure the highest level of network security available, whether via proactive or reactive means. (Schweitzer 2004) 5. Analyze the assertion that "Security is as much a human problem as a technical problem." When the personal information of hundreds of thousands of individuals comes upon swindlers, many people think that careless computer or

How to Write a Case Study Essay Example for Free

How to Write a Case Study Essay Wetting Balance TestingSolderability Testing Analysis Components -PWB- Assemblywww. standsgroup. com Requisite OrganizationFree research and information from the RO International Institute. www. requisite. org Novi Team BuildingIdealna zabava za zaposlene. Novo u Srbiji Bumper Ballswww. vekoldmc. com Business School Ads †¢ Case Study Business †¢ Business Case Study †¢ Swot Analysis Strategic †¢ Personal Swot Analysis †¢ Swot Analysis When writing a case study analysis, you must first have a good understanding of the case study. Before you begin the steps below, read the case carefully, taking notes all the while. It may be necessary to read the case several times to fully grasp the issues facing the company or industry. Once you are comfortable with the information, begin the step-by-step instructions offered below to write a case study analysis. Time Required: Varies Heres How: 1. Investigate and Analyze the Company’s History and Growth. A company’s past can greatly affect the present and future state of the organization. To begin your case study analysis, investigate the company’s founding, critical incidents, structure, and growth. ( Erwin) 2. Identify Strengths and Weaknesses Within the Company. Using the information you gathered in step one, continue your case study analysis by examining and making a list of the value creation functions of the company. For example, the company may be weak in product development, but strong in marketing. ( Ria) 3. Gather Information on the External Environment. The third step in a case study analysis involves identifying opportunities and threats within the company’s external environment. Special items to note include competition within the industry, bargaining powers, and the threat of substitute products. ( Vince) 4. Analyze Your Findings. Using the information in steps two and three, you will need to create an evaluation for this portion of your case study analysis. Compare the strengths and weaknesses within the company to the external threats and opportunities. Determine if the company is in a strong competitive position and decide if it can continue at its current pace successfully. ( Rod) 5. Identify Corporate Level Strategy. To identify a company’s corporate level strategy for your case study analysis, you will need to identify and evaluate the company’s mission, goals, and corporate strategy. Analyze the company’s line of business and its subsidiaries and acquisitions. You will also want to debate the pros and cons of the company strategy. ( Joyce) 6. Identify Business Level Strategy. Thus far, your case study analysis has identified the company’s corporate level strategy. To perform a complete analysis, you will need to identify the company’s business level strategy. (Note: if it is a single business, the corporate strategy and the business level strategy will be the same. ) For this part of the case study analysis, you should identify and analyze each company’s competitive strategy,  marketing strategy, costs, and general focus. ( Kristy). 7. Analyze Implementations. This portion of the case study analysis requires that you identify and analyze the structure and control systems that the company is using to implement its business strategies. Evaluate organizational change, levels of hierarchy, employee rewards, conflicts, and other issues that are important to the company you are analyzing. (Result pros cons c/o Mark) (Computations c/o Ira) 8. Make Recommendations. The final part of your case study analysis should include your recommendations for the company. Every recommendation you make should be based on and supported by the context of your case study analysis. (All Tips: 1. Know the case backwards and forwards before you begin your case study analysis. 2. Give yourself enough time to write the case study analysis. You dont want to rush through it. 3. Be honest in your evaluations. Dont let personal issues and opinions cloud your judgement. 4. Be analytical, not descriptive. 5. Proofread your work! What You Need †¢ A case study †¢ Instructions from your professor †¢ Writing tools †¢ Quiet time.

Development of Chinese Market Economy

Development of Chinese Market Economy With the development of Chinese market economy and increasingly important role of the marketing process, multinationals have launched a large-scale action, the Chinese market has become the centre of global strategy of transnational corporations. Nowadays, multinational corporations have become the main opponent of domestic enterprises, competing with domestic companies, meanwhile they are also faced with the local heated competition. The German Deputy Consul General stationed in Shanghai, Dr. Peter Kreutzberger had made a questionnaire survey on all German companies in China, drawing one of the conclusions is: most German companies in China experienced more intense competition in China than in Germany, and the Chinese market competes more intensely than the European market. Unilever Chairman Mr. Le Mengneng also said: Competition in China, people who from around the world, you need to release that local competition face has become more and more powerful. Competitive pressures will n ot decrease, and not scare us, but life will not be easy certainly. In China, such a pattern of competition, International brands are capturing territory. China has registered more than 160 million trademarks, and more than 20% are foreign brands. These foreign brands are changing patterns of competition to adjust competitive strategy in China(Ping Chenzhu,2005). Aggressing expansive trend of transnational corporations, however, why in general multinational companies seems to be more competitive than local companies? Where is their competitive advantages? With regard to multinational companies, their competitive advantages may come from technology, capital, talent, channels, management, marketing, or the one aspect of brand, or few aspect. But what are multinational companies depending on success in China? In short, it is brand, they have a strong brand competitiveness. Brand is power, and brand marketing strategies for multinationals to help them achieving the success of expansion. In the 21st century, the global brand has entered the era of international competition. Supposing enterprises want to gain advantages in the competition, it must attach importance to brand marketing. Brand as an important means to carry out marketing activities, making their products uniqueness in the competition, moreover, in the course of business, this way is useful to long-term profitability and maintain its position in the market. Especially in the fierce competition, an era of homogeneous goods, brand has increasingly become the most powerful weapon for competition (Dou Guangli,2004). Furthermore, the cultural taste of brand image and level decided by brand awareness, reflecting the pursuit of company and spiritual insight, becoming the key to winning. So far, many Chinese enterprises have not established the correct concept of brand awareness, and the branding of export products and brand value are low, resulting in poor product sales. Chinese companies should be based on their own conditions and characteristics, improving the sense of brand competition, implementing brand marketing strategy. If it can turn Made in China into Chinese brand, it will occupy larger international market, receiving good results. LOreal Group, for example, analysis of the brand marketing status of transnational corporations in China, including multinational brand marketing bring advantages to the Chinese market. Whats more, establishment of brand for brand marketing strategy and importance on promotion. By means of having successful experiences of others to go by transnational corporations and comprehensive analysis, combining with the contemporary brand management theory, posing Chinese companies how to enhance brand marketing and development of new trends in the future. Proposed Research Methods In the study method, this article uses a comparative analysis method and empirical research method, through the exploration of relevant theoretical research, exploring relevant theory about the development of multinational corporations brand marketing; and combine with the brand marketing status of Chinese corporations and strength level. In the perspective, revealed that the measure of brand marketing of development of Chinese company and future trends. Bibliography Alexander,B. (1992). How Brand Image Drives Brand Equity. Journal of Advertising Research,PP.32. Keller,K.L.(1993).Conceptualizing, Measuring, Managing Customer Based Brand Equity ,Vol.57, (1). Gui Zhuchun.(2005).Promote brand image,pp.7. Wei Fanguo.(2005).Chinese company Face transnational mergence,pp.8. Ping Chenzhu.(2005).Brand management. China development. Dou Guangli.(2004).Brand competitiveness. University of Chinese people. Philip,K.(1997).Marketing management. University of Chinese people.

Professionalism In Information Technology

Professionalism In Information Technology Professionalism may be considered as behaving in an appropriate manner and adhering to accepted principles and practices. It is not only vital in the field of Information Technology but it is also very important in other fields. Some of the key aspects of IT Professionalism are competence in IT, knowledge, various skills such as soft skills, ethical behaviour and certification. Professionalism and ethics must be taught and practised at the secondary level of schooling. Professionalism is required not only in the field of Information Technology but also in other fields in order to bring about reputation, ethical behaviour and add value to any organization. This paper discusses about IT Professionalism and Ethics and how professionalism is applicable in IT industry. With the help of class discussions, case study and literature review, ethics and professionalism in IT and other fields are discussed. In this paper, an effort has been made to answer some of the questions below: Why IT professionalism is needed and why is it important? What is ethics? Why Ethics is needed? Role of ethics in Information Technology Discussion IT professionals should not only have good technical knowledge and experience but also have right attitude with good soft skills such as communication, interpersonal, analytical, statistical, managerial, leadership skills etc. Nowadays, businesses require professionalism in order to provide best quality service to the customers and to satisfy their requirements. Professionalism also provides a platform for ethical trade. It greatly increases profits, productivity and high market value in an organization. It greatly benefits the individuals who follow it and impacts society in a positive manner. Let us look at some of the qualities which describe a professional (ACM, 2000) Trustworthiness: Professional trusts himself in whatever he does and trusts other people. Honesty: Professional is honest when working and follows right code of conduct. Punctuality: It is one of the most important aspects of professionalism. Responsibility: Professional is responsible towards his work and handles work effectively. Leadership: Professional has good leadership skills and is a good team player. Confidentiality: Maintains confidentiality of information in an organization. Competency: Professional is technically competent in his field. What is Ethics? Ethics may be considered as regulations which differentiate between right and wrong. It also aims to differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Why Ethics is needed? Ethics helps people to respect and value themselves as well as others. It is based on core values such as Trust, simplicity, integrity, excellence, success and reputation. Ethics in an organization helps in retaining the talent and minimizes attrition rate of jobs. It aims to improve profits and increases productivity among the employees in an organization. Why IT professionalism is needed and why is it important? In order to enhance the growth and add value to an organization. It helps to provide better services to clients It increases trust with employers and employees within an organization Create companys own brand value IT professionalism forms the pillar for companys own vision and mission It improves customer satisfaction They should be aware of the various types of educational programs, different job titles and functions, and some aspects of the employment supply and demand. They should be aware of the need for each computing worker to have professional responsibility for their work, and an awareness of the importance of appropriate ethical behaviour in the group. They must also have an awareness of the impact of information technology on society as a whole and on individuals, and be prepared to handle a variety of issues arising in the workplace. (Little, J. C. and Granger, M. J., 1999) Role of Ethics and Professionalism in Information Technology IT has modernized the living standards of mankind. In IT, professionalism plays a major role in bringing the changes to an organization and to the humanity. Technology can be used as a benefit or for destruction. Ethics play a major role in determining the right use of technology. There is a very fine line between professional and non-professional. IT professional must have proper code of conduct, right attitude and good moral values and should not misuse the technology. Nowadays, due to the rapid advancement in technology there has been a widespread misuse of technology. With the rise of Internet there has been unethical and unprofessional behaviour which have led to severe problems such as computer viruses, Spamming and hacking. In IT education, ethics should be taught and allowed to be practiced in all schools and institutions. Students must be made aware of the consequences which result due to unethical behaviour. It is in the early stage that these values should be inculcated within them which will lead a long way later in life. There has been an increase in cyber crimes due to the misuse of Internet. Many a time, students are unaware of ethics and professional behaviour. Professionalism must be strictly followed in schools and institutions and should be practised at an earlier stage. In universities, plagiarism is unethical. Copying others ideas and work, without proper acknowledgement to the original author it is unfair and severe action is observed and implemented. Case Study and personal experience Personally, it has been a wonderful learning experience studying the importance and role of ethics and professionalism in IT. As goes the famous quote, Character, not circumstances, makes the man. (Booker T. Washington), professionalism and ethics helps in making use of science and technology for noble purposes. In our case study (Digital Artefact on IT Professionalism by Trailblazers, 2010), we discussed about non-professional behaviour and some of the reasons causing it. Non-professional behaviour mainly results due to lack of ethics and lack of soft skills. Let us look at some of the differences between professional and non-professional Professional Has self respect and treats others with respect Has honesty and performs his/her duties Responsible and dedicated towards work Skilled, knowledgeable and experience Team player and has good management skills Good communicator Right attitude and sound character Non professional Does not respect others Lacks honesty and does not perform his duties Not responsible or dedicated Lack of knowledge, skills and experience Not a team player and lacks management skills Not a good communicator Does not have right attitude, bad character The difference between a professional person and a technician is that a technician knows everything about his job except its ultimate purpose and his place in the scheme of things (Livingston, 2010) An example of unethical behaviour in an organization If an employee in an organization fails to follow the right code of conduct and does not follow ethics, he/she will be penalized. An individual will not be successful in his field if he does not have moral values. An example of how atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima was completely unethical. People were not educated about the danger and the extent of damage that would be caused by atomic bombs. Had they been imparted proper knowledge and safety measures during the war, many peoples lives would have been saved (Matloff, 1966). How IT professionalism is applicable to me? IT professionalism helps me to advance in the IT industry and my aspiration is to become network support engineer. In order to be a professional in the networking field, developing a career development plan is useful. As change is rapid in IT industry, I need to constantly update my skills and knowledge to be proficient and successful. Certifications play a major role in the IT industry (Steven Philip, 2010) and by proper planning and management of daily activities, I will be able to obtain higher certifications and get hands-on-experience in networking field. Network professionals provide and enforce security of confidential information over the Internet. They must adhere to ethics when performing their duties and also provide suitable advice to fellow employees or clients. (NPA, 2007) Some of the important guidelines and practices for network professionals Technical expertise and knowledge Confidentiality to be maintained within an organization and with clients Following proper ethical codes Adherence to principles and practices Conclusion In the present world the role of an IT professional is vital. IT professionalism is not just about acquiring skills, knowledge, experience and certifications but also giving equal importance to core moral values, principles and ethical behaviour (Jide, 2010). This will have a huge impact on ones personal life brings about positive changes in an organization and benefits the society. A true professional is a combination of excellent knowledge and skills with fine character and virtues. Government and organisation must promote IT professionalism and penalize the employees or workers who do not follow it. Professionalism and ethics is clearly defined in other professions such as doctors, advocates, engineers etc. IT professionalism is more concerned with technical skills, knowledge, expertise and certifications and no clear guidelines on ethical behaviour are defined. Professionalism is best learnt when one practices than by merely studying it.

A Message of Awareness :: Essays Papers

A Message of Awareness James Joyce’s book Dubliners, is composed of several intriguing short stories. Joyce’s main emphasis is to send a â€Å"wake up call† to the people of Dublin about the appalling conditions of Ireland. In a letter to his publisher Joyce tells him that he â€Å"seriously [believes] that [the publisher] will retard the course of civilization in Ireland by preventing the Irish people from having one good look at themselves in my nicely polished looking-glass† (qtd. in Beja 33). Joyce proves his assertion through his use of characters and situations in the short stories â€Å"The Boarding House,† â€Å"A Little Cloud,† and â€Å"The Dead.† In addition, autonomy and responsibility play a major role of how the characters act and react to certain situations that connect to the hard times of Ireland. In Dubliners, characters often face situations that are portrayed as â€Å"light and dark.† In â€Å"The Boarding House,† Mrs. Mooney’s actions and interactions are primarily portrayed as being manipulative. She is a â€Å"dark† person and Joyce uses examples to support this. Joyce describes Mrs. Mooney as a person that is stern and is â€Å"all business.† Mrs. Mooney’s characteristics imply that she is someone to fear. In addition, Mrs. Mooney’s boarding house is run with much order. Joyce states that Mrs. Mooney â€Å"governed her house cunningly and firmly, knew when to give credit, when to be stern and when to let things pass,† which a viewer can acknowledge that Mrs. Mooney is a â€Å"dark† and fierce women when it comes down to taking actions on others (56). Furthermore, Mrs. Mooney has such a stern and superior control over the tenants that Joyce states that the â€Å"young men spoke of her as The madam,† which means a lady of respect (57). They know that Mrs. Mooney is one lady to be feared. In â€Å"The Boarding House,† Mr. Doran’s actions with Polly caused him to be fearful of Mrs. Mooney. Joyce explains how Mr. Doran’s feelings about receiving consequences from Mrs. Mooney are â€Å"dark.† Joyce exaggerates the depth of Mr. Doran’s nervousness towards receiving his sanctions were so fierce that â€Å"he felt his heart leap [†¦] in his throat† (61). Mr. Doran’s actions are so fearful that he acts as if he is being tried for murder. Mr. Doran’s fears of the consequences are so â€Å"dark† that He longed to ascend through the roof [of the Boarding House] and fly away to another country where he would never hear again of his trouble.

Human Resources Conflict :: Human Resources Essays

Human Resources Conflict In this section I will be identifying possible areas of conflict between the various human resources functions in Southgate College. The human resources functions are: Selection Recruitment and Training In Southgate College the recruitment process for teaching staff can take a long time there are several reasons for this: 1.Some skills are in very short supply such as electrical instillation, plumbing and construction and also motor vehicle maintenance. This is because these skills earn far more money in the labour market than if people with these skills be paid if they came to work at Southgate College as a teacher. 2.Owners of these skills would be expected like all teachers in further education, to undergo 2 years training part time for the certificate of education, which is a government requirement. But many plumbers and electricians are already well qualified and resent the fact that they have to do another period of training 1 day a week for a job in which they earn far less money than if they stayed as plumbers and electricians without the qualifications. So it will be better for the plumbers and the electricians to carry on doing there own jobs rather than becoming a teacher. This is the reason why these courses are hard to come by. So as this shows the rapid decrease in staffing in these occupations has lowered the amount of teachers to teach these courses. This has now forced many colleges to stop these courses as there is better money for them in their own profession rather than teaching it. The main problem with this is that all the staff have to undergo the 2-year training course for the CoE this is a waste of time and effort for this type of job. They already know how to teach their profession so this leads them not to teach and stay where they are. If Southgate College chooses not to train its workforce it will be faced with additional recruitment costs. This is because when skills are required existing employees will have to be made redundant. The importance of Training and Development at Southgate College is that If they neglect and do not train the staff it you will be caught out in the end either by staff leaving due to low moral; Southgate college may not perform at its peak because staff may not know how to use equipment properly or are not sure what the correct procedure is or your business falls behind because either you or your staff have not been given the opportunity to update their skills or knowledge within the college. Recruitment and Appraisals

Candide :: essays research papers

Candide Voltaire's Candide is a novel which contains enlightmenet and at the same time is also exaggerated. Voltaire offers disguised by jokes and sarcisam, and the story itself presents a distinctive outlook on life in the 1700’s. The crucial contrast in the story deals with irrational ideas as taught to Candide about being optimistic, versus reality as viewed by the rest of the world. The main theme that I got out of reading Candide is optimism. Out of every unfortunate situation in the story, Candide, the main character, has been advised by his philosopher-teacher that everything in the world happens for the better, because "Private misfortunes contribute to the general good, so that the more private misfortunes there are, the more we find that all is well". As Candide grows up whenever something unfortunate happens Pangloss would turn the situation around, bringing out the good in it. Candide learns that optimism is "The passion for maintaining that all is right when all goes wrong ". Candide also believes that he could make the world a better place by spreading his theories on optimism. One could say that Pangloss is an irrational figure, and Voltaire tries to expose how incomprehensible his beliefs are which do not measure up to reality. It is possible, however, that all along, deep down inside, Candide doubted the philosophies of his teacher because of his exposure to immorality in the real world. For example, Candide witnessed the public hanging of two Portuguese Jews simply because they refused to eat bacon for dinner.It was occurrences like these which demonstrated the inhumanity that one person can do to another, leading Candide to disbelieve Pangloss' philosophies. Cunegonde, the object of Candide's affections, wa s thought dead by Candide but she had really been raped and sold into slavery.

Negative Impacts

Industry production systems are unsustainable which can also have negative Impacts on environments. In response, there has been a rapid growth aimed at getting industry to â€Å"clean up its act†, because enforcement of the environment is growing up only slowly. In addition, the environmental and social performance of enterprises has Increasingly been used as a factor In deciding whether to do business with them, and this means that environmental demands are being made on enterprises.The methodology to be adopted will basically be with relevant, recognizing that they must adapt to the environmental demands made of heir products or of their manufacturing procedures, and to do this they need companies that can offer specialized services relating to the development of various management systems and products.The response to the problems outlined Lies In enabling output to continue to grow while minimizing growth in inputs of materials and energy, and they can support the establish ment of institutions meeting the standards in monitoring the development of environment related In affecting trade, identify gaps In normative laws and regulations and other policies which promote of Industry especially In the support yester by promoting the establishment of specialized enterprises in the 1 org knowledge and skills in enterprises to public-private partnerships in the environment field.Agile Noreen A. Bossily 2012103039 2 The view to the above mentioned, focuses on the paths to industrial development; efficient use of non-energy raw materials and of recycled industrial and non-industrial wastes; adoption of relevant products and technologies to meet environmental standards; adoption of environmental and related management systems with a view to entry into global value chains; and creation of businesses that an offer services. This concludes some challenges faced by some industries to properly utilize resources, which somehow gives opportunities. 4 Introduction ? Tabl e of Contents Definition of Industrial Development 2 Table of Contents 5 Main Body How Industrial Development Through the Years Affect How Industrial Development Made Life Easier Conclusion 11 References ? 12 4 Introduction The unsustainable patterns of industrial development may not have been appreciated until quite recently, it has been recognized since the start of the industrial revolution that enterprises can have obvious and visible impacts on their local communities and environments.As a response to these manifest health and environmental impacts, the last 40 years have seen an unparalleled growth in environmental matter. There has been a growing determination by different stakeholders in the developed countries to use the environmental and social performance of enterprises as a factor in deciding whether to do business with them. The first to feel this pressure are often the transitional corporations and other large companies, but they in turn are exerting a similar pressure on their suppliers. As a result of the globalization of trade, many of these are now located in developing countries.This paper explores in more detail these challenges and opportunities on how can enterprises in these countries become greener and shrink their environmental footprint, while at the same time continuing to grow and deliver goods, services and Jobs to their populations? What were the advantages and disadvantages of industrialization? Answers to these questions must take into account one overriding imperative: that industries need to grow. Industrial development is the only mechanism that will enable developing countries to reduce he level of poverty and hardship they face.This conclusion offers a strategy for the development aid community, which is designed to help developing countries bridge the gap between the present and the future. 6 Industrial development any development of an industrial nature. The industrial revolution led to the development of factories for la rge-scale production, with consequent changes in society. Originally the factories were steam-powered, but later transitioned to electricity once an electrical grid was developed. The mechanized assembly line was introduced to assemble arts in a repeatable fashion, with individual workers performing specific steps during the process.This led to significant increases in efficiency, lowering the cost of the end process. Later automation was increasingly used to replace human operators. This process has accelerated with the development of the computer and the robot. 7 How Economic Development Through the Years Affect the Environment The economic development through the years affected the environment by the increase in population, industrialization started, and the shortage of nonrenewable energy sources. The increase in population means that ore forest and rain forest will be destroyed to make more room for the people to live.Destroying rain forests are bad because forest alone produce s 40% of the world's oxygen. There are now a lot of industries around the world but even though there are so many, it is a big burden to the environment. The burning of gasoline and coal produces carbon dioxide that, over time, has settled in a layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. This creates a situation know as greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a situation in which an excess of carbon dioxide in the earth's upper atmosphere lets the sun's rays through but traps heat close to the earth's surface. Nonrenewable energy resources might run out.This might occur because of the increase and demand in oil which is the basic necessity we all use. We use oil for multiple proposes. Since industries use oil and coal a lot it will eventually pollute everything and will cause acid rain which pollutes the stream. These were some examples of how economic development can led to disasters for the environment. There might be a smudge of a change that this will not happen, but, it is guara nteed that those things would happen. Especially that global warming is already taking place. 8 How Industrial Development Made Life Easier?It would Just be unbearable to think that life would be better without the Industrial Revolution. All the inventions that were invented back then are used all the time. The inventions have greatly changed society. The light bulb was made to create light that would last for a long time and that could be used anywhere. In today's society, people just makes it easier to see anywhere whenever it's the daytime or night time. â€Å"Edition's eventual achievement was inventing not Just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. Before it was created, human beings had to use fire and now you're able to Just turn the light switch on and you automatically have whatever lighted. Louis Daggered invented the first camera Just t o capture things for memory. The camera was invented to capture a picture of anything you wanted to save as a memory. In today's world, people use the camera during many special occasions to remember that specific day. It helps a lot because so many people can enjoy or see what an occasion was like even if they weren't there by looking at the pictures.George Stephenson first attempted to create the first locomotive since others who tried failed. The locomotive was invented to try and succeed in an invention but lead to more better things. In today's society, we use the transportation for many reasons. We use it to haul cargo and 9 transport people to many places. â€Å"It was now that George Stephenson, about twenty years of age, set about the construction of his first locomotive. As we before stated, the want of good and skillful workmen was a great Arabica. Before it was invented, it was more difficult to transport anything to different locations. The period of the Industrial Rev olution greatly contributed to the world. It was a revolution which helped everyone in a positive way no matter what the situation was to them. Society became easier and less hard to live by having many inventions do our hard work for us. 10 Conclusion The Industrial development was a mixed blessing. It has its advantages and disadvantages; through this study I was able to appreciate the efforts of the inventors Just to make our life easier and more comfortable.Throughout those years everything were created and studied well, yet we were not able to see the needs of our environment while we were all happy inventing and making technologies as much as we want. The industries were able to brought countries and people together. There was an international awareness among people because developments in one country influenced the others, there were better transport, communications and mechanized goods made life comfortable for man. Unfortunately cities became crowded, smoky, with problems o f slums, housing, sanitation, accidents and epidemics.

Identity Theory: Applications to Individual, Group, and Organizational Interventions Essay

Group Dynamics Introduction                   A set of individuals in the same surrounding constitute to a group. In these groups certain norms are established which have a great influence on the ultimate behavior of individuals in the group. Norms are a set of beliefs of how individuals should relate and behave. Examples of factors that influence group members to conform to the group norms include social acceptance, social identity, correctness, and to align with similar people(Carter, 2012). However, individuals do not always conform to group norms but at times they behave on a personal basis. This may make define their role in the group or it may make them prejudiced from the group. What factors will influence group members to conform to a group’s norms, and when will members remain independent?                   Performance is one of the key factor that makes individual conform to group norms. Each individual in a department is required to produce results to contribute for the success of that business unit. The appearance norm is another compelling factor for group members to conform. For instance pilots would dress in a certain way as their group norm which distinguishes them from the air hostesses group(Hale, 2013). Another determinant is the social arrangement in which an individual belongs to. High ranked executives tend to behave in certain way in their clusters that is unique to their group norms. Do individuals who do not conform to the group’s norms ever succeed in influencing the rest of the group?                   Individuals, though in a group, they become independent when they break the norms of a given group. This is to enhance accountability and responsibility by each member in a group(Carter, 2012).                   Individuals who do not conform to the group norms succeed to have influence on the rest of the members. This is because they establish their own norms apart from the group that defines their roles in the group(Hale, 2013). For instance different line managers are part of the group in their departments, but they may not conform to all the norms in their sections which gives earns them respect and hence influence to the rest of the members. References Carter, R. (2012). Identity Theory: Applications to Individual, Group, and Organizational Interventions. New York : Routledge Publishers. Hale, J. (2013). The Performance Consultant’s Fieldbook: Tools and Techniques for Improving Organizations and People. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Source document

Low Fat Cheese Market †Global Industry Analysis Essay

Low fat cheese contains lesser amount of saturated fat and reduces the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol which is responsible for an increase in the risk of heart disease. Normal cheese has 30-40% saturated fat whereas low fat cheese, produced from skimmed milk contains 7-15% saturated fat. Commonly available cheeses such as cheddars, mozzarella, provolone and others, depending on the process and the country where they are produced, are easily available in the market today. Low fat cheese is also available in various forms as a healthy alternative to regular cheese. Low fat cheese has almost all the applications that normal cheese has. Some of the products where low fat cheese is used are pizzas, sandwiches, hotdogs, and salads. The geographical market segments are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World (RoW). Highest cheese consumption is seen in Europe while North America’s consumption is comparatively less. One of the key drivers for the growth in the demand for low fat cheese is the growing health consciousness among the people. Normal cheese is said to have higher amounts of fat as well as sodium. Moreover, much attention is given to the diet of children keeping in mind the adverse affects of cheese on the body in the long run. Also, cheese is a part of the culture in many countries, where it is consumed on a daily basis. One of the restraints to the low fat cheese market is its taste after the reduction of fat and sodium as the flavor of cheese depends on these two components. Some types of cheese like mozzarella, cottage cheese (paneer), and Swiss cheese have low salt and fat content naturally, compared to other cheese that contain artificially reduced salts. The major players in the market are now focusing on reducing fat and salts from cheese such as in American cheese which has a high amount of these components. Some of the major producers of low fat cheese are the Lactalis Group, Kraft Foods Group Inc., Fromageries Bel S.A., Bongrain S.A., Arla Foods and others. This report is a complete study of current trends in the market, industry growth drivers, and restraints. It provides market projections for the coming years. It includes analysis of recent developments in technology, Porter’s five force model analysis and detailed profiles of top industry players. The report also includes a review of micro and macro factors essential for the existing market players and new entrants along with detailed value chain analysis. This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth It provides a technological growth map over time to understand the industry growth rate It provides a seven-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments It provides distinctive graphics and exemplified SWOT analysis of major market segments About us Transparency Market Research (TMR) is a market intelligence company providing global business research reports and consulting services. Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision-makers. TMR’s experienced team of analysts, researchers, and consultants use proprietary data sources along with various tools and techniques to gather and analyze Our data repository is continuously updated and revised by a team of research experts so that it always reflects the latest trends and information Our Approach †¢ Our research reports cover global markets, present analysis and forecast for a period of five years. Respondents are led through a questionnaire to gather quantitative and qualitative inputs on their operations, performance, strategies and views on the overall market, including key developments and technology trends.

Homemade Lava Lamp Essay

My science project is on the No Light Lava Lamp. I will record what happens when I mix vegetable oil and water in an empty water bottle. Most materials are classified into two different categories in relationship to the way they mix water. Hydrophobic substances are chemically unable to mix with water (the word hydrophobic means â€Å"water-fearing†). Hydrophilic (meaning â€Å"water-loving†) substances, can easily dissolve in water. In addition to the density difference, the reason that you will always see a distinct oil layer above the water layer is because of oil’s hydrophobic nature. Vegetable oil is a fatty substance obtained from certain plants. Manufactures obtain most vegetable oils from seeds and fruits. Most of these oils are liquids, but a few including cocoa butter, coconut oil, and palm oil are solids at room temperature. Water is the most common substance on Earth’s surface. It also covers then seventy% of the Earth’s surface area. It fills the oceans, rivers, and lakes and it’s in the ground air we breathe. Water is also everywhere. When you put the water in then put the vegetable oil in the jar the vegetable oil will float straight to the top because the vegetable oil is more dense then the water. Water and vegetable oil are like magnet’s that don’t like to stick to each other. If you shake the water and vegetable oil hard then it will get mixed up. When you put the salt in the bottle it will look like it’s going to stay at the top, but it will float to the bottom. When you put the cap on while some of the gases are still forming the lid will come off and you would have to clean up the mess and the bottle will start to break in half. Salt is a very small mineral, and can be used in many different foods, and it also has been used in ancient times. Salt also consists of the elements such as sodium and chloride. Salt also has a nickname the nickname is Halite. Halite or salt usually forms clear crystals that are almost shaped like cubes or circles. When salt is put in with ice the ice point is lowered. Salt is also used in a wide range of other products those products include ceramic glazes, livestock weed, medicines, oil refining, and water softening. Trucks spread salt by driving on highways during the winter to melt snow and ice. Twenty percent of salt is consumed in the United States for the deicing.  Seawater consists about two point five percent salt and about one percent other minerals in the water, mostly compounds of calcium, potassium, and magnesium.

Health Hazards in Construction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Hazards in Construction - Research Paper Example Outdoor workers face a myriad of hazards depending on the type of occupations, season, geographic location and the duration of exposure. A hazard refers to a potential for harm as documented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA (2012). Practically, it would be an activity or condition which, if left uncontrolled could cause illness or injury. Therefore, identifying such hazards and controlling, even eliminating them in good time would be beneficial in preventing illnesses, injuries, and even deaths. To do so, a technique that focuses on the tasks related to a job so as to identify and potential hazards before their occurrence, referred by Weeks (2011) as job hazard analysis, would be undertaken. This technique evaluates the relationship between the work environment and the worker, tasks, and tools employed. Ideally, the identification of uncontrolled hazards triggers the adoption of strategies that would reduce them to acceptable risks levels or completely elimi nate them. Construction is one of the outdoor industry sectors where job hazard analysis serves a significant role. Felperin (2013) categorizes the construction industry as either governmental or private involved with the erection of buildings for commercial or habitation purposes and public works that include roads, tunnels, bridges, airports, and dams among others. Thus, the construction job entails building, repairing, maintaining, modifying, renovating or demolishing of such facilities. In industrialized countries, construction workers constitute between 5% and 10% of the total workforce and globally, 90% of these workers are male. A majority of these are unskilled laborers.

To what extent, and in what ways, do the traditional theories of Essay

To what extent, and in what ways, do the traditional theories of employment relations help us to understand the modern Australia - Essay Example The theories are discussed based on mainly three grounds viz. unitarist, pluralist and also on Marx’s radical approaches. On the basis of such theories the industrial practices of the employers and the government’s role in such is analysed. This analysis is conducted to reflect on the reasons for the decline of the trade unions power and also on the needs for the changing business and industrial structures in the Australian framework. Introduction The government of Australia is taking potential steps to protect the plight of workers from undue practices of the employers in dismissing the employees from their work. Thus large number of employees in Australia is on an advantageous point in fighting against the event of them being unfairly dismissed of their work tenure. Further it is observed that small business outlets in Australia have more advantage in firing employees more often than larger ones. The employees in small business firms in the region need to work for ten ure of one year whereas for larger firms it is six months to fight back against unfair dismissal. (Schneiders, 2010). The Australian employers are also endeavouring to compensate the employees adequately against taking the basic rights of better living and work conditions from them. The employees are over compensated in turn of sacrificing their rights to getting better meal and laundry services. (Johnson, 2010). Employees of a computer packing company located in New South Wales are also found to largely complain of not being rendered their basic rights owing to better living and working standards. The employees stated that the payment rendered to them often fails to meet the travelling and living cost. (Bibby, 2010). However the government of Australia is endeavouring to take special care of the employees involved in construction and building industry especially in providing legal protection. (AAP, 2010). The Australian employers are also reflecting a strong recognition of the exis tence of large number of trade union bodies in the region. Australia has shown a huge rise of trade unionism in several industries like education and other public utility services. (Bibby, 2010; Hannan, 2010). Justification for Choosing the Issues The two issues chosen regarding employment relation conditions in respect to the Australian region pertain to two aspects. Firstly the issue regarding fair employment practices is dealt with in regards to the Australian industries. Secondly the issue of promoting trade unions is also surveyed in respect of the industrial environmental standards of Australia. The fair work practices in respect of the Australian industries reflect important issues in regards to employment relation conditions. The issues hover around important aspects relating to working conditions of the industries, delay in rendering financial compensation to the workers and also for gaining flexibility in relation to work timings. Further the minimum pay standards rendered to the workers are also dealt with in regards to the fair work practices in the Australian industries. The concept of fair work practices in regards to Australian industries is further extended to encourage the entry of large number o

Marxism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marxism - Essay Example Marx observed that men were below and even seemed that under the control of the society. This is the main point of agreement with Friedrich Engels who wrote the Principles of Communism (Kuper, 1972). Marxism started as a principle to manage the material conditions within the society such as the production of goods. According to Marx, the materialist conception should be the main focus in the record of history of human society because material production is the basis of social life, thus, the real history. He expressed that in the production of goods the process and development as well as the instruments and methods used were clearer and more distinct indications of the differences in the periods of human history (D’Amato, 2006). Basically, the main content of the evolution of Marxism is based on the economic views ad capitalism. Although Marx perceived that this view is a holistic approach to the determination and study of the different stages in human history, the different succeeding philosophers created different perspectives within his classical view to the modern views. The main achievement of Marxism is the importance given to the meaning of capitalism. Prior to the concept, the perspective of the society is focused on different aspects. Through Marx and Engels’ views, the economics of capitalism and the labor theory of value acquired more attention and became the subject of research. Marx focused his work in the systematic description of commodity which became the focus of his capitalist principle. Through the course of his career, he built up on the concept. He presented important factors that can affect the capitalist structure, for example the scarcity and the human labor (D’Amato, 2006). Based on the analysis of Marxism, the feasibility of the principle can be compared to the life of an organism that grows, develops and

The Strategy of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Strategy of International Business - Essay Example This situation has not only reduced the profitability and market share of the local firms, but also has enforced a number of local firms to sell their businesses to the international giants. Hence, the report has elaborated a number of market strategies that can assist the local firms to strengthen their competitive position to ensure their long-term profitability and sustainability. The term ‘liberalization’ describes the process of relaxation of governmental regulations and restrictions in different areas such as trade, economy, social, political etc (Alessandria and Choi, 2014). Globalization has highly influenced the practices of trade and economy related liberalization within different industry sectors of developed as well as developing countries (Dix†Carneiro, 2014). The United Kingdom can be utilized as a successful example which has initiated and efficiently conceptualized liberalization in their different industry segments, mainly the energy segment. The rapid changes in the business processes and trade policies in the globalized economy influences government authorities to modify the trading policies of the nation to accommodate it with the global economy, political regulations and social practices. This intervention of government authorities has allowed a number of industry sectors to avail the facility of free trade in terms of the ir international business venture (Corbet and Robertson, 2014). The further topic will emphasize on liberalization and its impact on the internationalization of businesses. The study will also evaluate the impact of liberalization on the domestically focused business industry in terms of increase in competition within the local and global market. Finally, the discussion will elaborate various strategic reactions which can assist various domestically focused industries of the UK to face the increased competition of foreign competitors. The increasing

The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Death of Ivan Ilyich, Tolstoy - Essay Example He has family, friends and a good position that he devoted a major part of his life in cultivating. As a result he has political, personal and social freedom. Ilyich’s free and easy life is pleasant with decorum and lightheartedness, and his nature is agreeable. Through this narrative, Tolstoy studies both life and death, Ivan’s realization about his life not truly lived, and his eventual making of peace with the inevitability of death. Thus, only in his last moments does Ivan Ilyich lose his fear of death, and joyfully perceives the light which replaces it (Tolstoy 56). Great scholars such as Vladimir and Mahatma Gandhi acclaimed the novella as the greatest in Russian literature. The work is interesting to read, rich in insights about human nature, and educative in its content. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to examine Leo Tolstoy’s story The Death of Ivan Ilyich, and discuss why the main protagonist’s life was not truly lived. Why Ivan Il yich’s Life was not Well Lived Tolstoy through his story insists that Ivan Ilyich is not different from others in the world, and that his extremely simple and ordinary life is â€Å"most terrible† (Tolstoy 9). ... The author depicts his protagonist as a selfish, short-sighted and mediocre person, since the latter’s ideal goal in life was to avoid unpleasantness. Ilyich’s main pleasures in life included playing bridge with his friends, besides liking antiques and living properly and pleasantly. However, it is evident that none of these normal, ordinary qualities can condemn Ilyich as wicked. This is the exact message that Tolstoy wishes to convey to the reader. While Ivan’s existence was akin to living death, his death is a rebirth into a new spiritual life. Therefore, his fatal flaw was that he had lived in a spiritual void (Hobby 34). According to Tolstoy, the fact of living and life ironically includes the certainty of death. Living with pain and illness everyday, Ivan Ilyich suffers for several months while refusing to accept the inevitability of his death (Tolstoy 7). The core of his life had consisted of emptiness, self deception and false values. Most human beings, i n the process of living, we commonly deny the truth of our human condition, pretend to forget about death; and this lie forms a part of the other lies that vitiate our beings. This means that Ilyich had been â€Å"living a literal, physical life but had been spiritually dead† (Hobby 34). Olney’s (p.110) analysis of the story differentiates between â€Å"life as experience† and â€Å"life as meaning†, and states that Tolstoy’s vivid representation through the fictional narrative helps the reader comprehend the truth that was present in the author’s own soul. For Tolstoy the actual meaning of life was different from indulgence in parties, tastefully decorating one’s home, and other

The Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Women - Essay Example She begins to critically examine her life and her relationship with men and the people around her. At some point, she considered divorce, and this would have not only affected her but also their daughter. This play thus helps to remind the audience that although one might appear to lead a happy and comfortable life, problems in marriage can make life bitter. Friends and family play a vital role in resolving such domestic problems. The intent of this production, in my view, was a good idea. This play speaks to everyone; the married and the unmarried. It helps us examine our families, our actions and how best we understand the people around us. There are two main issues raised in the play that make it important and applicable. First, through the life of Heines and the unfaithfulness of her husband, the play reminds us of the importance of safeguarding marriages and building strong family ties. The suffering brought to Haines through her husband’s infidelity is traumatizing. The play further highlights the need to solve domestic or marital problems without taking rush decisions. Secondly, the play helps us re-examine the role played by our friends in our lives. In the play, Selvia knew that Heines’ husband had an extramarital affair yet she did not inform her friend about it. She instead spread the rumor among other women. This play thus allows the audience to examine whether or not to keep some of their friends. In particular, this play reminds us of the role friends play in marriages. Overall, the play challenges and provokes the audience. The intention is to make people examine their behaviors, beliefs and their general view of life. This play succeeds in provoking us into asking ourselves questions regarding our lives, and how we treat those around us. After watching the play, I believe that the play achieved its purpose. First, in a good play, characters need to portray the events as real as they possibly can. In this play, the characters portrayed